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ucfirst — Verwandelt das erste Zeichen eines Strings in einen Großbuchstaben
Wandelt das erste Zeichen von str in einen Großbuchstaben um, wenn es ein Zeichen des Alphabets ist, und gibt den veränderten String zurück.
Beachten Sie, dass die Zeichen des Alphabets abhängig vom Wert des gesetzten locale erkannt werden. Ist der Voreinstellung "C" werden Sonderzeichen wie die deutschen Umlaute (ä etc.) nicht erkannt und daher nicht umgewandelt.
Die Eingabezeichenkette.
Gibt den umgewandelten String zurück.
Beispiel #1 ucfirst()-Beispiel
<?php
$foo = 'hallo welt!';
$foo = ucfirst($foo); // Hallo welt!
$bar = 'HALLO WELT!';
$bar = ucfirst($bar); // HALLO WELT!
$bar = ucfirst(strtolower($bar)); // Hallo welt!
?>
for anyone wanting to ucfirst each word in a sentence this works for me:
<?php
function ucfirst_sentence($str)
{
return preg_replace('/\b(\w)/e', 'strtoupper("$1")', $str);
}
?>
If someone looks for the equivalent on Oracle DB, here it is: INITCAP. Hope this helps!
For lithuanian text with utf-8 encoding I use two functions (thanks [mattalexxpub at gmail dot com] and Svetoslav Marinov)
<?php
function my_ucfirst($string, $e ='utf-8') {
if (function_exists('mb_strtoupper') && function_exists('mb_substr') && !empty($string)) {
$string = mb_strtolower($string, $e);
$upper = mb_strtoupper($string, $e);
preg_match('#(.)#us', $upper, $matches);
$string = $matches[1] . mb_substr($string, 1, mb_strlen($string, $e), $e);
}
else {
$string = ucfirst($string);
}
return $string;
}
function sentence_case($string) {
$sentences = preg_split('/([.?!]+)/', $string, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY|PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
$new_string = '';
foreach ($sentences as $key => $sentence) {
$new_string .= ($key & 1) == 0?
my_ucfirst(strtolower(trim($sentence))) :
$sentence.' ';
}
return trim($new_string);
}
?>
Simple function for use ucfirst with utf-8 encoded cyrylic text
<?php
public function capitalize_first($str) {
$line = iconv("UTF-8", "Windows-1251", $str); // convert to windows-1251
$line = ucfirst($line);
$line = iconv("Windows-1251", "UTF-8", $line); // convert back to utf-8
return $line;
}
?>
For some reason this worked for me.
Mac OS 10.5.1
PHP 5.2.6
<?php
/**
* ucfirst UTF-8 aware function
*
* @param string $string
* @return string
* @see http://ca.php.net/ucfirst
*/
function my_ucfirst($string, $e ='utf-8') {
if (function_exists('mb_strtoupper') && function_exists('mb_substr') && !empty($string)) {
$string = mb_strtolower($string, $e);
$upper = mb_strtoupper($string, $e);
preg_match('#(.)#us', $upper, $matches);
$string = $matches[1] . mb_substr($string, 1, mb_strlen($string, $e), $e);
} else {
$string = ucfirst($string);
}
return $string;
}
?>
Svetoslav Marinov
http://slavi.biz
This is what I use for converting strings to sentence case:
<?php
function sentence_case($string) {
$sentences = preg_split('/([.?!]+)/', $string, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY|PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
$new_string = '';
foreach ($sentences as $key => $sentence) {
$new_string .= ($key & 1) == 0?
ucfirst(strtolower(trim($sentence))) :
$sentence.' ';
}
return trim($new_string);
}
print sentence_case('HMM. WOW! WHAT?');
// Outputs: "Hmm. Wow! What?"
?>
I believe that mb_ucfirst will be soon added in PHP, but for now this could be useful
<?php
if (!function_exists('mb_ucfirst') && function_exists('mb_substr')) {
function mb_ucfirst($string) {
$string = mb_strtoupper(mb_substr($string, 0, 1)) . mb_substr($string, 1);
return $string;
}
}
?>
it also check is mb support enabled or not
For strings with diactrical marks (umlauts, etc.), consider mb_convert_case().
Here's a function to capitalize segments of a name, and put the rest into lower case. You can pass the characters you want to use as delimiters.
i.e. <?php echo nameize("john o'grady-smith"); ?>
returns John O'Grady-Smith
<?php
function nameize($str,$a_char = array("'","-"," ")){
//$str contains the complete raw name string
//$a_char is an array containing the characters we use as separators for capitalization. If you don't pass anything, there are three in there as default.
$string = strtolower($str);
foreach ($a_char as $temp){
$pos = strpos($string,$temp);
if ($pos){
//we are in the loop because we found one of the special characters in the array, so lets split it up into chunks and capitalize each one.
$mend = '';
$a_split = explode($temp,$string);
foreach ($a_split as $temp2){
//capitalize each portion of the string which was separated at a special character
$mend .= ucfirst($temp2).$temp;
}
$string = substr($mend,0,-1);
}
}
return ucfirst($string);
}
?>
Inspired by the lcfirst function a simple mb_lcfirst to cope with multibyte strings:
<?php
function mb_lcfirst($str, $enc = null)
{
if($enc === null) $enc = mb_internal_encoding();
return mb_strtolower(mb_substr($str, 0, 1, $enc), $enc).mb_substr($str, 1, mb_strlen($str, $enc), $enc);
}
?>
@adefoor, Ken and Zee
Changing the case can only be done by understanding the text. Take for example "USA", "Sunday", "March", "I am ...", abbreviations like "prob." and so on.
Ken and zee
One thing I would do to make this more unviersally work would be to add strtolower() around your $sentence. Doing this will allow you to convert an all caps text block as well as an all lowercase text block.
<?php
function sentence_cap($impexp, $sentence_split) {
$textbad=explode($impexp, $sentence_split);
$newtext = array();
foreach ($textbad as $sentence) {
$sentencegood=ucfirst(strtolower($sentence));
$newtext[] = $sentencegood;
}
$textgood = implode($impexp, $newtext);
return $textgood;
}
$text = "this is a sentence. this is another sentence! this is the fourth sentence? no, this is the fourth sentence.";
$text = sentence_cap(". ",$text);
$text = sentence_cap("! ",$text);
$text = sentence_cap("? ",$text);
echo $text; // This is a sentence. This is another sentence! This is the fourth sentence? No, this is the fourth sentence.
?>
@ zee: this should solve your !, ?, and any punctuations you want to add. It can probably be cleaned up a bit.
<?php
function sentence_cap($impexp, $sentence_split) {
$textbad=explode($impexp, $sentence_split);
$newtext = array();
foreach ($textbad as $sentence) {
$sentencegood=ucfirst($sentence);
$newtext[] = $sentencegood;
}
$textgood = implode($impexp, $newtext);
return $textgood;
}
$text = "this is a sentence. this is another sentence! this is the fourth sentence? no, this is the fourth sentence.";
$text = sentence_cap(". ",$text);
$text = sentence_cap("! ",$text);
$text = sentence_cap("? ",$text);
echo $text; // This is a sentence. This is another sentence! This is the fourth sentence? No, this is the fourth sentence.
?>
Another way to capitalize first letter of every sentence in a text, I hope it will help someone. It won't convert non-English characters, though, and ignores sentences ending with ! or ? etc.
<?php
$text="this is a sentence. this is another sentence.";
$split=explode(". ", $text);
foreach ($split as $sentence) {
$sentencegood=ucfirst($sentence);
$text=str_replace($sentence, $sentencegood, $text);
}
echo $text; // This is a sentence. This is another sentence.
?>
I made a small change. Now it takes care of points in numbers
function ucsentence ($string){
$string = explode ('.', $string);
$count = count ($string);
for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++){
$string[$i] = ucfirst (trim ($string[$i]));
if ($i > 0){
if ((ord($string[$i]{0})<48) || (ord($string[$i]{0})>57)) {
$string[$i] = ' ' . $string[$i];
}
}
}
$string = implode ('.', $string);
return $string;
}
Some simple function for cyrillic and latin letters both:
function rucfirst($str) {
if(ord(substr($str,0,1))<192) return ucfirst($str);
else
return chr(ord(substr($str,0,1))-32).substr($str,1);
}
This is what you would expect php to deliver if there was a built-in function named ucsentence.
function ucsentence ($string){
$string = explode ('.', $string);
$count = count ($string);
for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++){
$string[$i] = ucfirst (trim ($string[$i]));
if ($i > 0){
$string[$i] = ' ' . $string[$i];
}
}
$string = implode ('.', $string);
return $string;
}
Sentence Case:
<?php
function SentenceCase($str) {
$sentences = explode(". ",$str);
for($i=0;$i<count($sentences);$i++) {
$sentences[$i][0] = strtoupper($sentences[$i][0]);
}
return implode(". ",$sentences);
}
?>
lcfirst - In case you need to get the original string back after a ucfirst.
function lcfirst( $str ) {
$str[0] = strtolower($str[0]);
return $str;
}
A combination of the below functions to enable ucfirst for multibyte strings in a shared hosting environment (where you can not always count on mbstring to be installed):
<?php
function my_mb_ucfirst($str, $e='utf-8') {
if (function_exists('mb_strtoupper')) {
$fc = mb_strtoupper(mb_substr($str, 0, 1, $e), $e);
return $fc.mb_substr($str, 1, mb_strlen($str, $e), $e);
}
else {
$str = utf8_decode($str);
$str[0] = strtr($str[0],
"abcdefghýijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
"\x9C\x9A\xE0\xE1\xE2\xE3".
"\xE4\xE5\xE6\xE7\xE8\xE9".
"\xEA\xEB\xEC\xED\xEE\xEF".
"\xF0\xF1\xF2\xF3\xF4\xF5".
"\xF6\xF8\xF9\xFA\xFB\xFC".
"\xFE\xFF",
"ABCDEFGHÝIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
"\x8C\x8A\xC0\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4".
"\xC5\xC6\xC7\xC8\xC9\xCA\xCB".
"\xCC\xCD\xCE\xCF\xD0\xD1\xD2".
"\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6\xD8\xD9\xDA".
"\xDB\xDC\xDE\x9F");
return utf8_encode($str);
}
}
?>
Here is the fixed function for Turkish alphabet..
<?php
function uc_first($str){
$str[0] = strtr($str,
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
"\x9C\x9A\xE0\xE1\xE2\xE3".
"\xE4\xE5\xE6\xE7\xE8\xE9".
"\xEA\xEB\xEC\xED\xEE\xEF".
"\xF0\xF1\xF2\xF3\xF4\xF5".
"\xF6\xF8\xF9\xFA\xFB\xFC".
"\xFE\xFF",
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
"\x8C\x8A\xC0\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4".
"\xC5\xC6\xC7\xC8\xC9\xCA\xCB".
"\xCC\xCD\xCE\xCF\xD0\xD1\xD2".
"\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6\xD8\xD9\xDA".
"\xDB\xDC\xDE\x9F");
return $str;
}
?>
plemieux' function did not work for me without passing the encoding to every single mb function (despite ini_set('default_charset', 'utf-8') at the top of the script). This is the example that works in my application (PHP 4.3):
<?php
function my_mb_ucfirst($str, $e='utf-8') {
$fc = mb_strtoupper(mb_substr($str, 0, 1, $e), $e);
return $fc.mb_substr($str, 1, mb_strlen($str, $e), $e);
}
?>
Simple multi-bytes ucfirst():
<?php
function my_mb_ucfirst($str) {
$fc = mb_strtoupper(mb_substr($str, 0, 1));
return $fc.mb_substr($str, 1);
}
?>
This is a simple code to get all the 'bad words', stored in a database, out of the text. You could use str_ireplace but since that's installed on PHP5 only, this works as well. It strtolowers the text first then places capitals with ucfirst() where it thinks a capital should be placed, at a new sentence. The previous sentence is ended by '. ' then.
<?php
function filter($text){
$filters=mysql_query("SELECT word,result FROM filter");
while($filter=mysql_fetch_array($filters)){
$text=str_replace($filter[word],$filter[result],strtolower($text));
$parts=explode(". ",$text);
for($i=0;$i<count($parts);$i++){
$parts[$i]=ucfirst($parts[$i]);
}
$text=implode(". ",$parts);
}
return $text;
}
?>
Ah, the last code were spoiled, here is the fixed one:
<?php
function uc_first($str){
$str[0] = strtr($str,
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
"\x9C\x9A\xE0\xE1\xE2\xE3".
"\xE4\xE5\xE6\xE7\xE8\xE9".
"\xEA\xEB\xEC\xED\xEE\xEF".
"\xF0\xF1\xF2\xF3\xF4\xF5".
"\xF6\xF8\xF9\xFA\xFB\xFC".
"\xFD\xFE\xFF",
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
"\x8C\x8A\xC0\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4".
"\xC5\xC6\xC7\xC8\xC9\xCA\xCB".
"\xCC\xCD\xCE\xCF\xD0\xD1\xD2".
"\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6\xD8\xD9\xDA".
"\xDB\xDC\xDD\xDE\x9F");
return $str;
}
?>
So, this function changes also other letters into uppercase, ucfirst() does only change: a-z to: A-Z.
This function does not work as expected with characters from non-English alphabets (I only tested it with scandinavian letters, => ). It leaves them as lowercase.
Someone already commented that the function doesn't work on html entities, which is somewhat understandable. This bug however takes place before I convert the strings to html.
Note: the return for this function changed in versions 4.3 when a string is passed of length 0. In <4.2 false is returned and in >4.3 a string of length 0 is returned.
Example:
$name = ucfirst("");
var_dump($name);
$name = ucfirst("owen");
var_dump($name);
Results for <4.2:
bool(false) string(4) "Owen"
Results for >4.3:
string(0) "" string(4) "Owen"
In the event you sort of need multiple delimiters to apply the same action to, you can preg_replace this "second delimiter" enveloping it with your actual delimiter.
A for instance, would be if you wanted to use something like Lee's FormatName function in an input box designed for their full name as this script was only designed to check the last name as if it were the entire string. The problem is that you still want support for double-barreled names and you still want to be able to support the possibility that if the second part of the double-barreled name starts with "mc", that it will still be formatted correctly.
This example does a preg_replace that surrounds the separator with your actual delimiter. This is just a really quick alternative to writing some bigger fancier blah-blah function. If there's a shorter, simpler way to do it, feel free to inform me. (Emphasis on shorter and simpler because that was the whole point of this.) :D
Here's the example. I've removed Lee's comments as not to confuse them with my own.
<?php
function FormatName($name=NULL)
{
if (empty($name))
return false;
$name = strtolower($name);
$name = preg_replace("[\-]", " - ",$name); // Surround hyphens with our delimiter so our strncmp is accurate
if (preg_match("/^[a-z]{2,}$/i",$name)) // Simple preg_match if statement
{
$names_array = explode(' ',$name); // Set the delimiter as a space.
for ($i = 0; $i < count($names_array); $i++)
{
if (strncmp($names_array[$i],'mc',2) == 0 || ereg('^[oO]\'[a-zA-Z]',$names_array[$i]))
{
$names_array[$i][2] = strtoupper($names_array[$i][2]);
}
$names_array[$i] = ucfirst($names_array[$i]);
}
$name = implode(' ',$names_array);
$name = preg_replace("[ \- ]", "-",$name); // Remove the extra instances of our delimiter
return ucwords($name);
}
}
?>
this is a advance ucfirst function, for upper especifics words, with config in array of seperator
/**
* @return string
* @param string $str frase que passar pelo parce
* @desc Pega uma frase e devolve a mesma com as palavras com suas
* maiusculas obedecendo um criterio configurado no array $string_sep
*
* @since 2004-04-01 15:04 adicionado a variavel $tring_sep que um
* array contendo todos os separadores a serem usados
*/
function str_upper_lower($str)
{
/**
* array contendo todos os separadores
*/
$string_sep=array(' ','-','/','_','.');
/**
* coloca todas as palavras com letras minusculas
*/
$str=strtolower($str);
/**
* testa todos os separadores
*/
for ($i=0;$i<count($string_sep);$i++)
{
$sep=$string_sep[$i];
/**
* separa a frase usando os separador atual
*/
$array_words = explode($sep, $str);
/**
* variavel que conter o valor temporario
*/
$tmp_str = '';
$i2=0;
foreach ($array_words as $word)
{
/**
* se a quantidade de caracteres for maior que dois, ou se conter ponto,
* devolve upper da primeira letra
*/
$tmp_str .=(strlen($word)>2 || strpos($word,'.')?ucfirst($word):$word);
/**
* no adiciona o separador no fim de strings
*/
if ($i2<count($array_words)-1)
{
$tmp_str .= $sep;
}
$i2++;
}
$str = $tmp_str;
}
return $str;
}
Here's a function I threw together when needing to validate name entries (both first name and last name).
This allows simple formatting for names prefixed with "Mc" (like McDonald, McCulloch, etc) and names prefixed with O (like O'Reilly, O'Conner, etc)..
It also allows double-barrelled names to be formatted correctly, in the Smith-Jones way.
Here's the function...
<?php
function FormatName($name=NULL) {
/* Formats a first or last name, and returns the formatted
version */
if (empty($name))
return false;
// Initially set the string to lower, to work on it
$name = strtolower($name);
// Run through and uppercase any multi-barrelled names
$names_array = explode('-',$name);
for ($i = 0; $i < count($names_array); $i++) {
// "McDonald", "O'Conner"..
if (strncmp($names_array[$i],'mc',2) == 0 || ereg('^[oO]\'[a-zA-Z]',$names_array[$i])) {
$names_array[$i][2] = strtoupper($names_array[$i][2]);
}
// Always set the first letter to uppercase, no matter what
$names_array[$i] = ucfirst($names_array[$i]);
}
// Piece the names back together
$name = implode('-',$names_array);
// Return upper-casing on all missed (but required) elements of the $name var
return ucwords($name);
}
?>
If you have any other "rules" to follow for international/foreign naming rules, you can add them to the foreach loop, and it should still follow all of the other rules.
It's a quick fix, but it seems to do the job nicely.
Examples...
<?php
$name = "o'cONNER-MCdOnAld";
echo FormatName($name);
?>
Returns: O'Conner-McDonald
Of course ucfirst() will _not_ convert html entities such as ü (u-Umlaut as ) to Ü which would represent .
Here is a handy function that makes the first letter of everything in a sentence upercase. I used it to deal with titles of events posted on my website ... I've added exceptions for uppercase words and lowercase words so roman numeral "IV" doesn't get printed as "iv" and words like "a" and "the" and "of" stay lowercase.
function RemoveShouting($string)
{
$lower_exceptions = array(
"to" => "1", "a" => "1", "the" => "1", "of" => "1"
);
$higher_exceptions = array(
"I" => "1", "II" => "1", "III" => "1", "IV" => "1",
"V" => "1", "VI" => "1", "VII" => "1", "VIII" => "1",
"XI" => "1", "X" => "1"
);
$words = split(" ", $string);
$newwords = array();
foreach ($words as $word)
{
if (!$higher_exceptions[$word])
$word = strtolower($word);
if (!$lower_exceptions[$word])
$word = ucfirst($word);
array_push($newwords, $word);
}
return join(" ", $newwords);
}
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