Diese Seite bei php.net
The PHP manual text and comments are covered by the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License © the PHP Documentation Group - Impressum - mail("TO:Reinhard Neidl",...)
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
strtolower — Setzt einen String in Kleinbuchstaben um
Gibt string zurück, in dem alle Buchstaben in Kleinbuchstaben umgewandelt wurden.
Beachten Sie, dass 'Buchstaben' vom Wert locale abhängig ist. Ist z. B. die Voreinstellung für locale "C", werden Sonderzeichen wie Umlaute (Ä, Ö, Ü) nicht umgewandelt.
Die Eingabezeichenkette.
Gibt die Zeichenkette in Kleinbuchstaben zurück.
Beispiel #1 strtolower()-Beispiel
<?php
$str = "Mary Hat Ein Kleines Lamm, und Sie LIEBT Es So.";
$str = strtolower($str);
echo $str; // Gibt aus: mary hat ein kleines lamm, und sie liebt es so.
?>
Hinweis: Diese Funktion ist binary safe.
strtolower(); doesn't work for polish chars
<?php strtolower("mĄkA"); ?>
will return: mĄka;
the best solution - use mb_strtolower()
<?php mb_strtolower("mĄkA",'UTF-8'); ?>
will return: mąka
Very easy way to only make the first character lowercase:
<?php
function lcfirst($string) {
$string{0} = strtolower($string{0});
return $string;
}
?>
Here is my solution to lowercase strings Latin strings with accents. In this case I've used Brazilian Portuguese locale:
<?PHP
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'pt_BR');
echo strtolower('ÉÁÇÚÍÑ');
// output: éáçúíñ
echo ucfirst(strtolower('éÁÇÚÍÑ'));
// output: Éáçúíñ
?>
the strtolower version to support most amount of languages including russian, french and so on:
<?php
function strtolower_utf8($string){
$convert_to = array(
"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u",
"v", "w", "x", "y", "z", "à", "á", "â", "ã", "ä", "å", "æ", "ç", "è", "é", "ê", "ë", "ì", "í", "î", "ï",
"ð", "ñ", "ò", "ó", "ô", "õ", "ö", "ø", "ù", "ú", "û", "ü", "ý", "а", "б", "в", "г", "д", "е", "ё", "ж",
"з", "и", "й", "к", "л", "м", "н", "о", "п", "р", "с", "т", "у", "ф", "х", "ц", "ч", "ш", "щ", "ъ", "ы",
"ь", "э", "ю", "я"
);
$convert_from = array(
"A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U",
"V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z", "À", "Á", "Â", "Ã", "Ä", "Å", "Æ", "Ç", "È", "É", "Ê", "Ë", "Ì", "Í", "Î", "Ï",
"Ð", "Ñ", "Ò", "Ó", "Ô", "Õ", "Ö", "Ø", "Ù", "Ú", "Û", "Ü", "Ý", "А", "Б", "В", "Г", "Д", "Е", "Ё", "Ж",
"З", "И", "Й", "К", "Л", "М", "Н", "О", "П", "Р", "С", "Т", "У", "Ф", "Х", "Ц", "Ч", "Ш", "Щ", "Ъ", "Ъ",
"Ь", "Э", "Ю", "Я"
);
return str_replace($convert_from, $convert_to, $string);
}
?>
Here is my code, I made because of the accents contained in the latin languages [like the Portuguese of Brazil =)]
<?php
function deepLower($texto){
//Letras minúsculas com acentos
$texto = strtr($texto, "
ĄĆĘŁŃÓŚŹŻABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUWYZQ
XVЁЙЦУКЕНГШЩЗХЪФЫВАПРОЛДЖЭЯЧСМИТЬБЮ
ÂÀÁÄÃÊÈÉËÎÍÌÏÔÕÒÓÖÛÙÚÜÇ
", "
ąćęłńóśźżabcdefghijklmnoprstuwyzq
xvёйцукенгшщзхъфывапролджэячсмитьбю
âàáäãêèéëîíìïôõòóöûùúüç
");
return strtolower($texto);
}
?>
Could be useful, if mb string library is not available for whatever the reason:
<?php
function utf8_strtolower($string) {
return utf8_encode(strtolower(utf8_decode($string)));
}
##equally.....
function utf8_ucfirst($string) {
return utf8_encode(ucfirst(utf8_decode($string)));
}
#.....etc...
?>
It has worked for me, just make sure you feed the functions with the proper encoded text (utf-8)
[These functions] only work when translation is between common characters in ISO 8859-1 and UTF-8, that means they will work well with western languages but not cyrillic or asian.
for cyrillic and UTF 8 use mb_convert_case
exampel
<?php
$string = "Австралия";
$string = mb_convert_case($string, MB_CASE_LOWER, "UTF-8");
echo $string;
//output is: австралия
?>
Here is function for working polish lower letters (plus example):
<?php
function lower_pl($str)
{
return strtr($str, "ĄĆĘŁŃÓŚŹŻABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUWYZQXV", "ąćęłńóśźżabcdefghijklmnoprstuwyzqxv");
}
$word ="ŻÓŁTKO";
$word = lower_pl ($word);
echo ("<p>$word</p>");
?>
This will turn into: <p>żółtko</p>.
the function arraytolower will create duplicate entries since keys are case sensitive.
<?php
$array = array('test1' => 'asgAFasDAAd', 'TEST2' => 'ASddhshsDGb', 'TeSt3 '=> 'asdasda@asdadadASDASDgh');
$array = arraytolower($array);
?>
/*
Array
(
[test1] => asgafasdaad
[TEST2] => ASddhshsDGb
[TeSt3] => asdasda@asdadadASDASDgh
[test2] => asddhshsdgb
[test3] => asdasda@asdadadasdasdgh
)
*/
I prefer this method
<?php
function arraytolower($array, $include_leys=false) {
if($include_leys) {
foreach($array as $key => $value) {
if(is_array($value))
$array2[strtolower($key)] = arraytolower($value, $include_leys);
else
$array2[strtolower($key)] = strtolower($value);
}
$array = $array2;
}
else {
foreach($array as $key => $value) {
if(is_array($value))
$array[$key] = arraytolower($value, $include_leys);
else
$array[$key] = strtolower($value);
}
}
return $array;
}
?>
which when used like this
<?php
$array = $array = array('test1' => 'asgAFasDAAd', 'TEST2' => 'ASddhshsDGb', 'TeSt3 '=> 'asdasda@asdadadASDASDgh');
$array1 = arraytolower($array);
$array2 = arraytolower($array,true);
print_r($array1);
print_r($array2);
?>
will give output of
Array
(
[test1] => asgafasdaad
[TEST2] => asddhshsdgb
[TeSt3] => asdasda@asdadadasdasdgh
)
Array
(
[test1] => asgafasdaad
[test2] => asddhshsdgb
[test3] => asdasda@asdadadasdasdgh
)
for someone who needs - arraytolower:
<?php
function arraytolower($array,$round = 0){
foreach($array as $key => $value){
if(is_array($value)) $array[strtolower($key)] = $this->arraytolower($value,$round+1);
else $array[strtolower($key)] = strtolower($value);
}
return $array;
}
?>
converts the whole array in a levels. keys and values.
<?php
function fullLower($str){
// convert to entities
$subject = htmlentities($str,ENT_QUOTES);
$pattern = '/&([a-z])(uml|acute|circ';
$pattern.= '|tilde|ring|elig|grave|slash|horn|cedil|th);/e';
$replace = "'&'.strtolower('\\1').'\\2'.';'";
$result = preg_replace($pattern, $replace, $subject);
// convert from entities back to characters
$htmltable = get_html_translation_table(HTML_ENTITIES);
foreach($htmltable as $key => $value) {
$result = ereg_replace(addslashes($value),$key,$result);
}
return(strtolower($result));
}
echo fullLower("Ã É Ò Õ ÚÙÛ");
//results ã é ò õ úùû
//adapted from fullUpper on strtoupper manual
?>
comment to "alexfort at list dot ru"
i think better to use this one
<?php
function strtolower_ru($text) {
$alfavitlover = array('ё','й','ц','у','к','е','н','г', 'ш','щ','з','х','ъ','ф','ы','в', 'а','п','р','о','л','д','ж','э', 'я','ч','с','м','и','т','ь','б','ю');
$alfavitupper = array('Ё','Й','Ц','У','К','Е','Н','Г', 'Ш','Щ','З','Х','Ъ','Ф','Ы','В', 'А','П','Р','О','Л','Д','Ж','Э', 'Я','Ч','С','М','И','Т','Ь','Б','Ю');
return str_replace($alfavitupper,$alfavitlover,strtolower($text));
}
?>
<?php
//solution to the Cyrillic and uft-8
function strtolower_Cyrillic($word) {
$alfavitlover = explode(',', 'ё,й,ц,у,к,е,н,г,ш,щ,з,х,ъ,ф,ы,
в,а,п,р,о,л,д,ж,э,я,ч,с,м,и,т,ь,б,ю');
$alfavitupper = explode(',', 'Ё,Й,Ц,У,К,Е,Н,Г,Ш,Щ,З,Х,Ъ,Ф,Ы,
В,А,П,Р,О,Л,Д,Ж,Э,Я,Ч,С,М,И,Т,Ь,Б,Ю');
for($wr=0;$wr<=count($alfavitlover);$wr++) {
$word = str_replace($alfavitupper[$wr], $alfavitlover[$wr], $word);
}
return $word;
}
echo strtolower_Cyrillic('СаШа+МаШа');
?>
Quick and works for accented characters like á
Tested on linux and win apache+php5
<?php
function strtolower2($s){
$ln = strlen($s);
$ln1 = $ln -1;
for($i=0; $i < $ln; $i++){
$k = ord(substr($s, $i, 1));
if($k>=65 && $k <= 90){
if($i > 0){
$l1 = substr($s, 0, $i);
}else{
$l1 ='';
}
$l1 = $l1 . chr($k+32);
if($i < $ln1){
$l1 = $l1 . substr($s, $i + 1);
}
$s = $l1;
}
}
return $s;
}
?>
///charset=iso-8859-2
function strtolower_iso8592($string)
{
$low=array("ˇ" => "±", "Ć" => "ć", "Ę" => "ę", "Ł" => "ł", "Ó" => "ó", "¦" => "¶", "Ż" => "ż", "¬" => "Ľ", "Ń" => "ń");
return strtolower(strtr($string,$low));
}
This will work for all languages using ISO8859_1 - more code than many other but fast.
<?php
function strtolower_iso8859_1($s){
$i = strlen($s);
while ($i > 0) {
--$i;
$c =ord($s[$i]);
if (($c & 0xC0) == 0xC0) {
// two most significante bits on
if (($c != 215) and ($c != 223)){ // two chars OK as is
// to get lowercase set 3. most significante bit if needed:
$s[$i] = chr($c | 0x20);
}
}
}
return strtolower($s);
}
?>
When you're not sure, how the current locale is set, you might find the following function useful. It's strtolower for utf8-formatted text:
<?php
function strtolower_utf8($inputString) {
$outputString = utf8_decode($inputString);
$outputString = strtolower($outputString);
$outputString = utf8_encode($outputString);
return $outputString;
}
?>
It's not suitable for every occasion, but it surely gets in handy. I use it for lowering German 'Umlauts' like ä and ö.
simple example for Polish characters
<?php
function strtolower_pl($str)
{
return strtr(strtolower($str), '[ĄĆĘŁŃÓŚŹŻ]', '[ąćęłńóśźż]');
}
?>
Slovenian characters
<?php
function strtolower_slovenian($string)
{
$low=array("Č" => "č", "Ž" => "ž", "Š" => "š");
return strtolower(strtr($string,$low));
}
?>
Maybe it is not so elegant, but it Works.
It's just a fast Idea and it is what I need.
Any hacks for other characters (link !, ? etc etc) should help.
function RemoveShouting($string)
{
$frase = "";
$astri = explode(".", $string);
foreach ($astri as $elem)
$frase .= " ".ucfirst(trim(strtolower($elem))).". ";
return trim($frase);
}
Cheers!
M
This is strtolower function for Croatian characters:
function strToLowerCro($string){
$string = strtolower($string);
$patterns[0] = '/Č/';
$patterns[1] = '/Ć/';
$patterns[2] = '/Ž/';
$patterns[3] = '/Š/';
$patterns[4] = '/Đ/';
$replacements[0] = 'č';
$replacements[1] = 'ć';
$replacements[2] = 'ž';
$replacements[3] = 'š';
$replacements[4] = 'đ';
$string = preg_replace($patterns, $replacements, $string);
return $string;
}
Enjoy...
Similar to last function, but for spanish
function strtolower_es($string)
{
$low=array("Á" => "á", "É" => "é", "Í" => "í", "Ó" => "ó", "Ú" => "ú", "Ü" => "ü", "Ñ" => "ñ");
return strtolower(strtr($string,$low));
}
Turkish Character
<?php
function strtolower_tr($string)
{
$low=array("Ü" => "ü", "Ö" => "ö", "Ğ" => "ğ", "Ş" => "ş", "Ç" => "ç", "İ" => "i", "I" => "ı");
return strtolower(strtr($string,$low));
}
?>
two functions what works with cyrilic text
function cyr_strtolower($a) {
$offset=32;
$m=array();
for($i=192;$i<224;$i++)$m[chr($i)]=chr($i+$offset);
return strtr($a,$m);
}
function cyr_strtoupper($a) {
$offset=32;
$m=array();
for($i=192;$i<224;$i++)$m[chr($i+$offset)]=chr($i);
return strtr($a,$m);
}
ex:
cyr_strtoupper("абвгде"); // АБВГДЕ
cyr_strtolower("АБВГДЕ"); // абвгде
I changed it a bit and i found that it's better to put everything in lowercase, and rebuild the text the same way a teacher corrects a text, for now it only checks that the first letter after a point "." must be
in upper case.
function RemoveShouting($string)
{
$string = strtolower(trim($string));
for($i=0;$i<strlen($string);$i++){
if($i==0){$string[$i] = strtoupper($string[$i]);}
if($string[$i] == "."){
while($string[$i+1] == " "){
$i++;
}
$string[$i+1] = strtoupper($string[$i+1]);
$i++;
}
}
return $string;
}
this function would change:
Hi mi name is PETER. SOME TIMES I FORGOT TO DISABLE CAPS LOCK.
into:
Hi mi name is peter. Some times i forgot to disable caps lock.
If you ever need to strtolower a string with href tags on it and doesn't want to mess with the characters inside a tag, this is for you.
<?php
function loweroutsidetags ($str) {
$chars = preg_split ("//", $str);
$tolower = true;
$str = '';
foreach ($chars as $k) {
if ($k == '<') { $tolower = false; }
if ($tolower) { $k = strtolower ($k); }
$str .= $k;
if ($k == '>') { $tolower = true; }
}
return $str;
}
?>
this:
echo loweroutsidetags('aALalala <a href="?q=CASEsENSITIVINESSinURLSareSTUPID">')
will give:
aalalala <a href="?q=CASEsENSITIVINESSinURLSareSTUPID">
I've seen this as a common use from script developers, so I would like to share the alternative way to compare 2 string (CASE INSENSITIVE) without using strtolower for faster process.
Use strcasecmp() for comparison purpose rather than comparing uncertain case of 2 string variables, because strcasecmp() is approximately 60% faster, moreover, the greater its string length the greater the difference,!
Ex. case :
$var1; -> could be a mixture of upper & lower case
$var2; -> could be a mixture of upper & lower case
To compare whether $var1 is exactly the same as $var2 (case insensitive manner):
Use -> if (strcasecmp($var1,$var2)==0)
rather than -> if (strtolower($var1)==strtolower($var2))
If you're considering using the below unhtmlentities function from phpContrib, I would suggest this one as an alternative:
<?php
function unhtmlentities($string)
{
// replace numeric entities
$string = preg_replace('~&#x([0-9a-f]+);~ei', 'chr(hexdec("\\1"))', $string);
$string = preg_replace('~&#([0-9]+);~e', 'chr(\\1)', $string);
// replace literal entities
$trans_tbl = get_html_translation_table(HTML_ENTITIES);
$trans_tbl = array_flip($trans_tbl);
return strtr($string, $trans_tbl);
}
?>
That was copied exactly from the html_entity_decode manual page. It'll handle numeric entities correctly, the below function won't.
Nifty? :D
<?php
function is_lowercase ($str){
return ($str == strtolower ($str));
}
?>
There's a ucfirst "function" to make the first character uppercase, but there's no "lcfirst" function to make the first character lowercase. Here's my own code to accomplish this.
<?
function lcfirst($str) {
return strtolower(substr($str, 0, 1)) . substr($str, 1);
}
?>
I found this particularly useful for generating XML nodes with the Reflection class.
To do case insensitive comparisons in a database, strtolower() can be a quick and dirty solution:
$Sql = "SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE LOWER(column_name) = '".strtolower($my_var)."'";
<?php
$b=html_entity_decode(strtolower(htmlentities($a)));
?>
will convert to lowercase most accented vocals
(it will convert into À into à into )
This is not fast and clean code, it is just a quick oneliner to help you if you need a quick way to do it
Users with older versions of PHP can use:
$b=unhtmlentities(strtolower(htmlentities($a)));
// with unhtmlentities() as defined in the html_entity_decode() manual page:
function unhtmlentities ($string) {
$trans_tbl =get_html_translation_table (HTML_ENTITIES );
$trans_tbl =array_flip ($trans_tbl );
return strtr ($string ,$trans_tbl );
}
Heres a small function I wrote to stop people from submitting data that is ALL IN CAPS SO THEY CAN GET MORE ATTENTION THAT THE REST OF THE USER SUBMITTED DATA on my website :) If you can make it better, by all means do so. This function splits up words delimited by a space, and makes only the first letter of each word capitalized. You can easily modify it so it's only the very first word of the string. I've also added some exceptions so you don't make things like roman numerals look like "Iii" or "Xcmii" or something.
function RemoveShouting($string)
{
$lower_exceptions = array(
"to" => "1", "a" => "1", "the" => "1", "of" => "1"
);
$higher_exceptions = array(
"I" => "1", "II" => "1", "III" => "1", "IV" => "1",
"V" => "1", "VI" => "1", "VII" => "1", "VIII" => "1",
"XI" => "1", "X" => "1"
);
$words = split(" ", $string);
$newwords = array();
foreach ($words as $word)
{
if (!$higher_exceptions[$word]) $word = strtolower($word);
if (!$lower_exceptions[$word]) $word[0] = strtoupper($word[0]);
array_push($newwords, $word);
}
return join(" ", $newwords);
}
BK
Another solution for Double-Byte-Characters, based on iconv() functions, not sensible to the current locale, works on win32.
/* Converts charset */
function myConvertCharset($str, $from, $to)
{
if(@function_exists('iconv'))
{
return iconv($from, $to, $str);
}
else if(@function_exists('recode_string'))
{
return recode_string($from . '..' . $to, $str);
}
else
{
print "function iconv not exists";
return $str;
}
}
/* Converts a string to lowercase */
function my_strtolower($s)
{
$t = "windows-1251";
$d = "UTF-8";
return myConvertCharset(strtolower(myConvertCharset($s, $d, $t)), $t, $d);
}
print my_strtolower("СЛОВО Uppercase");
This function is sensible to the current locale, namely the LC_CTYPE category (the default LC_CTYPE category is set from the LANG environment variable or by an explicit LC_CTYPE setting, but it can be overriden by the LC_ALL environment setting). If no locale setting is done in the enironment, the default locale will be C, for which the lowercase/uppercase conversion is based on the default character set of the system: this may convert only ASCII letters, or also ISO-8859-1 letters depending on the system...
Diese Seite bei php.net