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String-Funktionen

<<strtok

strtoupper>>

strtolower

(PHP 4, PHP 5)

strtolowerSetzt einen String in Kleinbuchstaben um

Beschreibung

string strtolower ( string $str )

Gibt string zurück, in dem alle Buchstaben in Kleinbuchstaben umgewandelt wurden.

Beachten Sie, dass 'Buchstaben' vom Wert locale abhängig ist. Ist z. B. die Voreinstellung für locale "C", werden Sonderzeichen wie Umlaute (Ä, Ö, Ü) nicht umgewandelt.

Parameter-Liste

str

Die Eingabezeichenkette.

Rückgabewerte

Gibt die Zeichenkette in Kleinbuchstaben zurück.

Beispiele

Beispiel #1 strtolower()-Beispiel

<?php
$str 
"Mary Hat Ein Kleines Lamm, und Sie LIEBT Es So.";
$str strtolower($str);
echo 
$str// Gibt aus: mary hat ein kleines lamm, und sie liebt es so.
?>

Anmerkungen

Hinweis: Diese Funktion ist binary safe.

Siehe auch

  • strtoupper() - Wandelt alle Zeichen eines Strings in Großbuchstaben um
  • ucfirst() - Verwandelt das erste Zeichen eines Strings in einen Großbuchstaben
  • ucwords() - Wandelt jeden ersten Buchstaben eines Wortes innerhalb eines Strings in einen Großbuchstaben
  • mb_strtolower() - Make a string lowercase


35 BenutzerBeiträge:
- Beiträge aktualisieren...
marcin at maydesign dot pl
23.06.2010 0:16
strtolower(); doesn't work for polish chars

<?php strtolower("mĄkA"); ?>
will return: mĄka;

the best solution - use mb_strtolower()

<?php mb_strtolower("mĄkA",'UTF-8'); ?>
will return: mąka
sanderwind at gmail dot com
11.06.2010 15:03
Very easy way to only make the first character lowercase:

<?php
 
function lcfirst($string) {
     
$string{0} = strtolower($string{0});
      return
$string;
  }
?>
ewertonp at hotmail dot com
30.09.2009 20:50
Here is my solution to lowercase strings Latin strings with accents. In this case I've used Brazilian Portuguese locale:

<?PHP

setlocale
(LC_ALL, 'pt_BR');

echo
strtolower('ÉÁÇÚÍÑ');
// output: éáçúíñ

echo ucfirst(strtolower('éÁÇÚÍÑ'));
// output: Éáçúíñ

?>
leha_grobov
26.06.2009 5:03
the strtolower version to support most amount of languages including russian, french and so on:

<?php
function strtolower_utf8($string){
 
$convert_to = array(
   
"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u",
   
"v", "w", "x", "y", "z", "à", "á", "â", "ã", "ä", "å", "æ", "ç", "è", "é", "ê", "ë", "ì", "í", "î", "ï",
   
"ð", "ñ", "ò", "ó", "ô", "õ", "ö", "ø", "ù", "ú", "û", "ü", "ý", "а", "б", "в", "г", "д", "е", "ё", "ж",
   
"з", "и", "й", "к", "л", "м", "н", "о", "п", "р", "с", "т", "у", "ф", "х", "ц", "ч", "ш", "щ", "ъ", "ы",
   
"ь", "э", "ю", "я"
 
);
 
$convert_from = array(
   
"A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U",
   
"V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z", "À", "Á", "Â", "Ã", "Ä", "Å", "Æ", "Ç", "È", "É", "Ê", "Ë", "Ì", "Í", "Î", "Ï",
   
"Ð", "Ñ", "Ò", "Ó", "Ô", "Õ", "Ö", "Ø", "Ù", "Ú", "Û", "Ü", "Ý", "А", "Б", "В", "Г", "Д", "Е", "Ё", "Ж",
   
"З", "И", "Й", "К", "Л", "М", "Н", "О", "П", "Р", "С", "Т", "У", "Ф", "Х", "Ц", "Ч", "Ш", "Щ", "Ъ", "Ъ",
   
"Ь", "Э", "Ю", "Я"
 
);

  return
str_replace($convert_from, $convert_to, $string);
}
?>
Khigashi
22.06.2009 23:53
Here is my code, I made because of the accents contained in the latin languages [like the Portuguese of Brazil =)]

<?php
function deepLower($texto){
   
//Letras minúsculas com acentos
   
$texto = strtr($texto, "
    ĄĆĘŁŃÓŚŹŻABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUWYZQ
    XVЁЙЦУКЕНГШЩЗХЪФЫВАПРОЛДЖЭЯЧСМИТЬБЮ
    ÂÀÁÄÃÊÈÉËÎÍÌÏÔÕÒÓÖÛÙÚÜÇ
    "
, "
    ąćęłńóśźżabcdefghijklmnoprstuwyzq
    xvёйцукенгшщзхъфывапролджэячсмитьбю
    âàáäãêèéëîíìïôõòóöûùúüç
    "
);
    return
strtolower($texto);
}
?>
hans111 {AT} yahoo {DOT} com
14.05.2009 0:02
Could be useful, if mb string library is not available for whatever the reason:
<?php
   
function utf8_strtolower($string) {
        return
utf8_encode(strtolower(utf8_decode($string)));
    }
##equally.....
   
function utf8_ucfirst($string) {
        return
utf8_encode(ucfirst(utf8_decode($string)));
    }
#.....etc...
?>
It has worked for me, just make sure you feed the functions with the proper encoded text (utf-8)

[These functions] only work when translation is between common characters in ISO 8859-1 and UTF-8, that means they will work well with western languages but not cyrillic or asian.
coder at bulgaria dot bg
4.04.2009 2:08
for cyrillic and UTF 8 use  mb_convert_case

exampel

<?php
$string
= "Австралия";
$string = mb_convert_case($string, MB_CASE_LOWER, "UTF-8");
echo
$string;

//output is: австралия
?>
ghutix6 at gmail dot com
15.03.2009 10:50
Here is function for working polish lower letters (plus example):

<?php
 
 
function lower_pl($str)
   {
     return
strtr($str, "ĄĆĘŁŃÓŚŹŻABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUWYZQXV", "ąćęłńóśźżabcdefghijklmnoprstuwyzqxv");
   }
 
 
$word ="ŻÓŁTKO";
 
$word = lower_pl ($word);

  echo (
"<p>$word</p>");  
 
?>

This will turn into: <p>żółtko</p>.
dbers26 at gmail dot com
7.01.2009 22:34
the function  arraytolower will create duplicate entries since keys are case sensitive. 

<?php
$array
= array('test1' => 'asgAFasDAAd', 'TEST2' => 'ASddhshsDGb', 'TeSt3 '=> 'asdasda@asdadadASDASDgh');

$array = arraytolower($array);
?>
/*
Array
(
    [test1] => asgafasdaad
    [TEST2] => ASddhshsDGb
    [TeSt3] => asdasda@asdadadASDASDgh
    [test2] => asddhshsdgb
    [test3] => asdasda@asdadadasdasdgh
)
*/

I prefer this method

<?php
 
function arraytolower($array, $include_leys=false) {
   
    if(
$include_leys) {
      foreach(
$array as $key => $value) {
        if(
is_array($value))
         
$array2[strtolower($key)] = arraytolower($value, $include_leys);
        else
         
$array2[strtolower($key)] = strtolower($value);
      }
     
$array = $array2;
    }
    else {
      foreach(
$array as $key => $value) {
        if(
is_array($value))
         
$array[$key] = arraytolower($value, $include_leys);
        else
         
$array[$key] = strtolower($value);  
      }
    }
   
    return
$array;
  }
?>

which when used like this

<?php
$array
= $array = array('test1' => 'asgAFasDAAd', 'TEST2' => 'ASddhshsDGb', 'TeSt3 '=> 'asdasda@asdadadASDASDgh');

$array1 = arraytolower($array);
$array2 = arraytolower($array,true);

print_r($array1);
print_r($array2);
?>

will give output of

Array
(
    [test1] => asgafasdaad
    [TEST2] => asddhshsdgb
    [TeSt3] => asdasda@asdadadasdasdgh
)
Array
(
    [test1] => asgafasdaad
    [test2] => asddhshsdgb
    [test3] => asdasda@asdadadasdasdgh
)
s0urce at anonyme dot com
23.10.2008 12:05
for someone who needs - arraytolower:

<?php
function arraytolower($array,$round = 0){
    foreach(
$array as $key => $value){
        if(
is_array($value)) $array[strtolower($key)] =  $this->arraytolower($value,$round+1);
        else
$array[strtolower($key)] = strtolower($value);
        }
        return
$array;
    }
?>

converts the whole array in a levels. keys and values.
rodrigoATsistemasparainternetDOTcomDOTbr
10.09.2008 3:25
<?php
function fullLower($str){
  
// convert to entities
  
$subject = htmlentities($str,ENT_QUOTES);
  
$pattern = '/&([a-z])(uml|acute|circ';
  
$pattern.= '|tilde|ring|elig|grave|slash|horn|cedil|th);/e';
  
$replace = "'&'.strtolower('\\1').'\\2'.';'";
  
$result = preg_replace($pattern, $replace, $subject);
  
// convert from entities back to characters
  
$htmltable = get_html_translation_table(HTML_ENTITIES);
   foreach(
$htmltable as $key => $value) {
     
$result = ereg_replace(addslashes($value),$key,$result);
   }
   return(
strtolower($result));
}

echo
fullLower("Ã É Ò Õ ÚÙÛ");

//results ã é ò õ úùû
//adapted from fullUpper on strtoupper manual
?>
concepton at gmail dot com
11.08.2008 6:50
comment to "alexfort at list dot ru"

i think better to use this one

<?php
function strtolower_ru($text) {
   
$alfavitlover = array('ё','й','ц','у','к','е','н','г', 'ш','щ','з','х','ъ','ф','ы','в', 'а','п','р','о','л','д','ж','э', 'я','ч','с','м','и','т','ь','б','ю');
   
$alfavitupper = array('Ё','Й','Ц','У','К','Е','Н','Г', 'Ш','Щ','З','Х','Ъ','Ф','Ы','В', 'А','П','Р','О','Л','Д','Ж','Э', 'Я','Ч','С','М','И','Т','Ь','Б','Ю');

    return
str_replace($alfavitupper,$alfavitlover,strtolower($text));
}
?>
alexfort at list dot ru
4.08.2008 14:43
<?php
//solution to the Cyrillic and uft-8
function strtolower_Cyrillic($word) {
   
$alfavitlover = explode(',', 'ё,й,ц,у,к,е,н,г,ш,щ,з,х,ъ,ф,ы,
    в,а,п,р,о,л,д,ж,э,я,ч,с,м,и,т,ь,б,ю'
);
   
$alfavitupper = explode(',', 'Ё,Й,Ц,У,К,Е,Н,Г,Ш,Щ,З,Х,Ъ,Ф,Ы,
    В,А,П,Р,О,Л,Д,Ж,Э,Я,Ч,С,М,И,Т,Ь,Б,Ю'
);
    for(
$wr=0;$wr<=count($alfavitlover);$wr++) {
       
$word = str_replace($alfavitupper[$wr], $alfavitlover[$wr], $word);
    }
    return
$word;
}
echo
strtolower_Cyrillic('СаШа+МаШа');
?>
tushar at sel2in dot com
28.07.2008 17:57
Quick and works for accented characters like á

Tested on linux and win apache+php5

<?php
function strtolower2($s){
   
$ln = strlen($s);
   
$ln1 = $ln -1;
    for(
$i=0; $i < $ln; $i++){
       
$k = ord(substr($s, $i, 1));
        if(
$k>=65 && $k <= 90){
            if(
$i > 0){
               
$l1 = substr($s, 0, $i);
            }else{
               
$l1 ='';
            }
           
$l1 = $l1 . chr($k+32);
            if(
$i < $ln1){
               
$l1 = $l1 . substr($s, $i  + 1);
            }
           
$s = $l1;

        }
    }
    return
$s;
}
?>
Piotr
10.03.2008 10:24
///charset=iso-8859-2
 function strtolower_iso8592($string)
    {
        $low=array("ˇ" => "±", "Ć" => "ć", "Ę" => "ę", "Ł" => "ł", "Ó" => "ó", "¦" => "¶", "Ż" => "ż", "¬" => "Ľ", "Ń" => "ń");
        return strtolower(strtr($string,$low));
       
       
       
    }
toringe at infostill dot com
26.10.2007 0:27
This will work for all languages using ISO8859_1 - more code than many other but fast.

<?php
function strtolower_iso8859_1($s){
   
$i = strlen($s);
    while (
$i > 0) {
        --
$i;
       
$c =ord($s[$i]);
        if ((
$c & 0xC0) == 0xC0) {
           
// two most significante bits on
           
if (($c != 215) and ($c != 223)){ // two chars OK as is
                // to get lowercase set 3. most significante bit if needed:
               
$s[$i] = chr($c | 0x20);
            }
        }
    }
    return
strtolower($s);
}   
?>
patricia at steuerungb dot de
17.10.2007 15:29
When you're not sure, how the current locale is set, you might find the following function useful. It's strtolower for utf8-formatted text:

<?php
function strtolower_utf8($inputString) {
   
$outputString    = utf8_decode($inputString);
   
$outputString    = strtolower($outputString);
   
$outputString    = utf8_encode($outputString);
    return
$outputString;
}
?>

It's not suitable for every occasion, but it surely gets in handy. I use it for lowering German 'Umlauts' like ä and ö.
mr dot blober at gmail dot com
16.06.2007 20:39
simple example for Polish characters
<?php
function strtolower_pl($str)
{
return
strtr(strtolower($str), '[ĄĆĘŁŃÓŚŹŻ]', '[ąćęłńóśźż]');
}
?>
rok dot kralj at gmail dot com
4.06.2007 20:49
Slovenian characters

<?php
   
function strtolower_slovenian($string)
    {
       
$low=array("Č" => "č", "Ž" => "ž", "Š" => "š");
        return
strtolower(strtr($string,$low));
    }

?>
marco at recchiuti dot it
22.05.2007 9:43
Maybe it is not so elegant, but it Works.
It's just a fast Idea and it is what I need.
Any hacks for other characters (link !, ? etc etc) should help.

function RemoveShouting($string)
{
     $frase = "";   
     $astri = explode(".", $string);
     foreach ($astri as $elem)
    $frase .= " ".ucfirst(trim(strtolower($elem))).". ";
      
    return trim($frase);
}

Cheers!
M
mario dot kostelac at gmail dot com
29.04.2007 13:42
This is strtolower function for Croatian characters:
function strToLowerCro($string){
    $string = strtolower($string);
    $patterns[0] = '/Č/';
    $patterns[1] = '/Ć/';
    $patterns[2] = '/Ž/';
    $patterns[3] = '/Š/';
    $patterns[4] = '/Đ/';
    $replacements[0] = 'č';
    $replacements[1] = 'ć';
    $replacements[2] = 'ž';
    $replacements[3] = 'š';
    $replacements[4] = 'đ';
    $string = preg_replace($patterns, $replacements, $string);
    return $string;
}
Enjoy...
HQ063
31.03.2007 22:37
Similar to last function, but for spanish
    function strtolower_es($string)
    {
        $low=array("Á" => "á", "É" => "é", "Í" => "í", "Ó" => "ó", "Ú" => "ú", "Ü" => "ü", "Ñ" => "ñ");
        return strtolower(strtr($string,$low));
    }
Dinçer Akay
20.12.2006 11:32
Turkish Character
<?php
   
function strtolower_tr($string)
    {
       
$low=array("Ü" => "ü", "Ö" => "ö", "Ğ" => "ğ", "Ş" => "ş", "Ç" => "ç", "İ" => "i", "I" => "ı");
        return
strtolower(strtr($string,$low));
    }

?>
Enzo_01 at abv dot bg
7.11.2006 8:31
two functions what works with cyrilic text

function cyr_strtolower($a) {
        $offset=32;
        $m=array();
        for($i=192;$i<224;$i++)$m[chr($i)]=chr($i+$offset);
        return strtr($a,$m);
}
function cyr_strtoupper($a) {
        $offset=32;
        $m=array();
        for($i=192;$i<224;$i++)$m[chr($i+$offset)]=chr($i);
        return strtr($a,$m);
}

ex:
 cyr_strtoupper("абвгде"); // АБВГДЕ
 cyr_strtolower("АБВГДЕ"); // абвгде
eduardor2k at redr2k dot com
8.08.2006 23:34
I changed it a bit and i found that it's better to put everything in lowercase, and rebuild the text the same way a teacher corrects a text, for now it only checks that the first letter after a point "." must be
in upper case.

    function RemoveShouting($string)
    {
        $string = strtolower(trim($string));
      
        for($i=0;$i<strlen($string);$i++){
      
            if($i==0){$string[$i] = strtoupper($string[$i]);}
          
            if($string[$i] == "."){
                while($string[$i+1] == " "){
                    $i++;
                }
                $string[$i+1] = strtoupper($string[$i+1]);
                $i++;
            }
        }
      
    return $string;
    }

this function would change:
Hi mi name is PETER. SOME TIMES I FORGOT TO DISABLE CAPS LOCK.

into:

Hi mi name is peter. Some times i forgot to disable caps lock.
spiceee ddotty spiceee com
7.03.2006 1:53
If you ever need to strtolower a string with href tags on it and doesn't want to mess with the characters inside a tag, this is for you.

<?php

function loweroutsidetags ($str) {
   
$chars = preg_split ("//", $str);
   
$tolower = true;
   
$str = '';

    foreach (
$chars as $k) {
        if (
$k == '<') { $tolower = false; }
        if (
$tolower) { $k = strtolower ($k); }
       
$str .= $k;   
        if (
$k == '>') { $tolower = true; }
    }
    return
$str;
}

?>

this:
echo loweroutsidetags('aALalala <a href="?q=CASEsENSITIVINESSinURLSareSTUPID">')

will give:
aalalala <a href="?q=CASEsENSITIVINESSinURLSareSTUPID">
red at iklanumum dot com
24.02.2006 3:43
I've seen this as a common use from script developers, so I would like to share the alternative way to compare 2 string (CASE INSENSITIVE) without using strtolower for faster process.

Use strcasecmp() for comparison purpose rather than comparing uncertain case of 2 string variables, because strcasecmp() is approximately 60% faster, moreover, the greater its string length the greater the difference,!
Ex. case :
$var1;    -> could be a mixture of upper & lower case
$var2;    -> could be a mixture of upper & lower case

To compare whether $var1 is exactly the same as $var2 (case insensitive manner):
Use -> if (strcasecmp($var1,$var2)==0)
rather than -> if (strtolower($var1)==strtolower($var2))
Patrick
19.01.2006 19:57
If you're considering using the below unhtmlentities function from phpContrib, I would suggest this one as an alternative:

<?php
function unhtmlentities($string)
{
  
// replace numeric entities
  
$string = preg_replace('~&#x([0-9a-f]+);~ei', 'chr(hexdec("\\1"))', $string);
  
$string = preg_replace('~&#([0-9]+);~e', 'chr(\\1)', $string);
  
// replace literal entities
  
$trans_tbl = get_html_translation_table(HTML_ENTITIES);
  
$trans_tbl = array_flip($trans_tbl);
   return
strtr($string, $trans_tbl);
}
?>

That was copied exactly from the html_entity_decode manual page.  It'll handle numeric entities correctly, the below function won't.
fackelkind
11.01.2006 9:03
Nifty? :D

<?php
       
function is_lowercase ($str){
                return (
$str == strtolower ($str));
        }
?>
mhuggins57 at yahoo dot com
20.07.2005 1:04
There's a ucfirst "function" to make the first character uppercase, but there's no "lcfirst" function to make the first character lowercase.  Here's my own code to accomplish this.

<?
function lcfirst($str) {
    return
strtolower(substr($str, 0, 1)) . substr($str, 1);
}
?>

I found this particularly useful for generating XML nodes with the Reflection class.
kmcdermott at perimeterinstitute dot ca
8.12.2004 22:04
To do case insensitive comparisons in a database, strtolower() can be a quick and dirty solution:

$Sql = "SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE LOWER(column_name) = '".strtolower($my_var)."'";
phpContrib (A T) esurfers d o t c o m
24.09.2004 20:07
<?php

$b
=html_entity_decode(strtolower(htmlentities($a)));

?>

will convert to lowercase most accented vocals
(it will convert into &Agrave; into &agrave; into )

This is not fast and clean code, it is just a quick oneliner to help you if you need a quick way to do it



Users with older versions of PHP can use:
$b=unhtmlentities(strtolower(htmlentities($a)));

// with unhtmlentities() as defined in the html_entity_decode() manual page:

function unhtmlentities ($string) {
    $trans_tbl =get_html_translation_table (HTML_ENTITIES );
    $trans_tbl =array_flip ($trans_tbl );
    return strtr ($string ,$trans_tbl );
}
bkimble at ebaseweb dot com
20.01.2003 7:39
Heres a small function I wrote to stop people from submitting data that is ALL IN CAPS SO THEY CAN GET MORE ATTENTION THAT THE REST OF THE USER SUBMITTED DATA on my website :) If you can make it better, by all means do so. This function splits up words delimited by a space, and makes only the first letter of each word capitalized. You can easily modify it so it's only the very first word of the string. I've also added some exceptions so you don't make things like roman numerals look like "Iii" or "Xcmii" or something.

function RemoveShouting($string)
{
 $lower_exceptions = array(
        "to" => "1", "a" => "1", "the" => "1", "of" => "1"
 );
 
 $higher_exceptions = array( 
        "I" => "1", "II" => "1", "III" => "1", "IV" => "1", 
        "V" => "1", "VI" => "1", "VII" => "1", "VIII" => "1",
        "XI" => "1", "X" => "1"
 );
 
 $words = split(" ", $string);
 $newwords = array();
 foreach ($words as $word)
 {
  if (!$higher_exceptions[$word]) $word = strtolower($word);
  if (!$lower_exceptions[$word]) $word[0] = strtoupper($word[0]);
  array_push($newwords, $word);
 }
 return join(" ", $newwords);
}

BK
tty01_at_rambler_dot_ru
20.09.2002 4:58
Another solution for Double-Byte-Characters, based on iconv() functions, not sensible to the current locale, works on win32.

/* Converts charset */
function myConvertCharset($str, $from, $to)
{
    if(@function_exists('iconv'))
    {
        return iconv($from, $to, $str);
    }
    else if(@function_exists('recode_string'))
    {
        return recode_string($from . '..'  . $to, $str);
    }
    else
    {
        print "function iconv not exists";
        return $str;
    }
}
/* Converts a string to lowercase */
function my_strtolower($s)
{
    $t = "windows-1251";
    $d = "UTF-8";
    return myConvertCharset(strtolower(myConvertCharset($s, $d, $t)), $t, $d);
}

print my_strtolower("СЛОВО  Uppercase");

13.09.2002 2:17
This function is sensible to the current locale, namely the LC_CTYPE category (the default LC_CTYPE category is set from the LANG environment variable or by an explicit LC_CTYPE setting, but it can be overriden by the LC_ALL environment setting). If no locale setting is done in the enironment, the default locale will be C, for which the lowercase/uppercase conversion is based on the default character set of the system: this may convert only ASCII letters, or also ISO-8859-1 letters depending on the system...



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