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(PHP 4, PHP 5)
defined — Prüft, ob eine benannte Konstante existiert
Überprüft, ob die angegebene Konstante existiert und definiert ist.
Hinweis:
defined() gilt nur für Konstanten. Verwenden Sie isset(), falls Sie wissen wollen, ob eine Variable existiert. Um zu überprüfen, ob eine Funktion existert, verwenden Sie function_exists().
Der Name der Konstante
Wenn die durch name angegebene Konstante definiert ist, wird TRUE zurückgegeben, ansonsten FALSE.
Beispiel #1 Konstanten überprüfen
<?php
/* Beachten Sie die Verwendung von Anführungsstrichen. Das ist wichtig!
* In diesem Beispiel wird überprüft, ob die Zeichenkette 'TEST' der Name
* einer Konstante namens TEST ist */
if (defined('TEST')) {
echo TEST;
}
?>
If you wish to protect files from direct access I normally use this:
index.php:
<?php
// Main stuff here
define('START',microtime());
include "x.php";
?>
x.php:
<?php
defined('START')||(header("HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden")&die('403.14 - Directory listing denied.'));
?>
For compatibility with PHP 5.3 and 5.2 and dirname(__FILE__) vs __DIR__ constant:
<?php
$dir = NULL;
if (defined('__DIR__')) {
$dir = __DIR__;
}
else {
$dir = dirname(__FILE__);
}
?>
Not for every time; you should probably just define this elsewhere so every time the script needs the current directory just use $dir which was taken from that bit.
You can use the late static command "static::" withing defined as well. This example outputs - as expected - "int (2)"
<?php
abstract class class1
{
public function getConst()
{
return defined('static::SOME_CONST') ? static::SOME_CONST : false;
}
}
final class class2 extends class1
{
const SOME_CONST = 2;
}
$class2 = new class2;
var_dump($class2->getConst());
?>
I found something out: defined() becomes probably false if a reference gets lost.
<?php
session_start(); // $_SESSION created
define('SESSION_BACKUP', $_SESSION);
if (defined('SESSION_BACKUP')) echo 'A';
session_unset(); // $_SESSION destroyed
if (defined('SESSION_BACKUP')) echo 'B';
?>
You will see "A", but not "B".
Before using defined() have a look at the following benchmarks:
true 0.65ms
$true 0.69ms (1)
$config['true'] 0.87ms
TRUE_CONST 1.28ms (2)
true 0.65ms
defined('TRUE_CONST') 2.06ms (3)
defined('UNDEF_CONST') 12.34ms (4)
isset($config['def_key']) 0.91ms (5)
isset($config['undef_key']) 0.79ms
isset($empty_hash[$good_key]) 0.78ms
isset($small_hash[$good_key]) 0.86ms
isset($big_hash[$good_key]) 0.89ms
isset($small_hash[$bad_key]) 0.78ms
isset($big_hash[$bad_key]) 0.80ms
PHP Version 5.2.6, Apache 2.0, Windows XP
Each statement was executed 1000 times and while a 12ms overhead on 1000 calls isn't going to have the end users tearing their hair out, it does throw up some interesting results when comparing to if(true):
1) if($true) was virtually identical
2) if(TRUE_CONST) was almost twice as slow - I guess that the substitution isn't done at compile time (I had to double check this one!)
3) defined() is 3 times slower if the constant exists
4) defined() is 19 TIMES SLOWER if the constant doesn't exist!
5) isset() is remarkably efficient regardless of what you throw at it (great news for anyone implementing array driven event systems - me!)
May want to avoid if(defined('DEBUG'))...
@ ndove at cox dot net
But you receive a Fatal error 'Undefined class constant' if the constant is not defined.:-)
You may find that if you use <?= ?> to dump your constants, and they are not defined, depending on your error reporting level, you may not display an error and, instead, just show the name of the constant. For example:
<?= TEST ?>
...may say TEST instead of an empty string like you might expect. The fix is a function like this:
<?php
function C(&$constant) {
$nPrev1 = error_reporting(E_ALL);
$sPrev2 = ini_set('display_errors', '0');
$sTest = defined($constant) ? 'defined' : 'not defined';
$oTest = (object) error_get_last();
error_reporting($nPrev1);
ini_set('display_errors', $sPrev2);
if ($oTest->message) {
return '';
} else {
return $constant;
}
}
?>
And so now you can do:
<?= C(TEST) ?>
If TEST was assigned with define(), then you'll receive the value. If not, then you'll receive an empty string.
Please post if you can do this in fewer lines of code or do something more optimal than toggling the error handler.
Nice one, here's may addition:
index.php:
<?php
// Main stuff here
define('SITE_IN', 1);
include "x.php";
?>
x.php:
<?php
if (!defined('SITE_IN') or !constant('SITE_IN')) die('Direct access not allowed!');
?>
A bit of extra protection, a bit paranoid yes, it's good to be :)
My preferred way of checking if a constant is set, and if it isn't - setting it (could be used to set defaults in a file, where the user has already had the opportunity to set their own values in another.)
<?php
defined('CONSTANT') or define('CONSTANT', 'SomeDefaultValue');
?>
Dan.
If you wish to protect files from direct access I normally use this:
index.php:
<?php
// Main stuff here
define('SITE_IN', 1);
include "x.php";
?>
x.php:
<?php
if (!defined('SITE_IN')) die('Direct access not allowed!');
?>
I saw that PHP doesn't have an enum function so I created my own. It's not necessary, but can come in handy from time to time.
<?php
function enum()
{
$args = func_get_args();
foreach($args as $key=>$arg)
{
if(defined($arg))
{
die('Redefinition of defined constant ' . $arg);
}
define($arg, $key);
}
}
enum('ONE','TWO','THREE');
echo ONE, ' ', TWO, ' ', THREE;
?>
If your constants don't show up in your included or required files, then you probably have php safe mode turned on!
I ran into this problem, I forgot to turn of safe mode when I was creating a new site.
In PHP5, you can actually use defined() to see if an object constant has been defined, like so:
<?php
class Generic
{
const WhatAmI = 'Generic';
}
if (defined('Generic::WhatAmI'))
{
echo Generic::WhatAmI;
}
?>
Thought it may be useful to note.
-Nick
This can be useful if you want to protect pages which get included from outsiders eyes, on your mail page (the page viewable by people) put define("X", null); then on all your other pages, you can then do something like:
<?php
if (!defined("X")) {
echo "You Cannot Access This Script Directly, Have a Nice Day.";
exit();
}
?>
And your page is a good as protected :)
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