PHP Doku:: Klassen und Objekte - language.oop5.html

Verlauf / Chronik / History: (1) anzeigen

Sie sind hier:
Doku-StartseitePHP-HandbuchSprachreferenzKlassen und Objekte

Ein Service von Reinhard Neidl - Webprogrammierung.

Sprachreferenz

<<Anonymous functions

Einführung>>


UnterSeiten:

Klassen und Objekte

Inhaltsverzeichnis


12 BenutzerBeiträge:
- Beiträge aktualisieren...
corpus-deus at softhome dot net
26.11.2010 17:27
With regards to Singleton patterns (and variable class names) - try:

<?php
class MyClass {

 
// singleton instance
 
private static $instance;

 
// private constructor function
  // to prevent external instantiation
 
private __construct() { }

 
// getInstance method
 
public static function getInstance() {

    if(!
self::$instance) {
     
self::$instance = new self();
    }

    return
self::$instance;

  }

 
//...

}
?>
suleman dot saleh at gmail dot com
25.10.2010 20:41
Using php abstract classes we must have to implement all their functions in child classes other wise it will make automatically child class as a concrete
DavMe
1.10.2010 9:03
When you have a class name in a variable and want to create a new instance of that class, you can simply use:
<?php
$className
= "ClassName";
$instance = new $className();
?>

If, however, you have a class that is part of a singleton pattern where you cannot create it with new and need to use:
<?php
$instance
= ClassName::GetInstance();
?>

...you quickly discover that it fails miserably with a variable.
Fail Example:
<?php
$className
= "ClassName";
$instance = $className::GetInstance();
?>

After a few days of head pounding, I finally put together this workaround:
<?php
$className
= "ClassName";
eval(
'$instance = '.$className.'::GetInstance();');
?>

I hope this saves you some effort and if anyone knows of a non-eval method to accomplish this, please share!

Thanks!
midir
2.03.2009 16:40
There are a couple of tricks you can do with PHP's classes that programmers from C++, etc., will find very peculiar, but which can be useful.

You can create instances of classes without knowing the class name in advance, when it's in a variable:

<?php

$type
= 'cc';
$obj = new $type; // outputs "hi!"

class cc {
    function
__construct() {
        echo
'hi!';
    }
}

?>

You can also conditionally define them by wrapping them in if/else blocks etc, like so:

<?php

if (expr) {
    class
cc {
       
// version 1
   
}
} else {
    class
cc {
       
// version 2
   
}
}

?>

It makes up for PHP's lack of preprocessor directives. The caveat is that the if/else code body must have been executed before you can use the class, so you need to pay attention to the order of the code, and not use things before they're defined.
redrik at gmail dot com
31.12.2008 22:08
Maybe someone will find these classes, which simulate enumeration, useful.
<?php
class Enum {
    protected
$self = array();
    public function
__construct( /*...*/ ) {
       
$args = func_get_args();
        for(
$i=0, $n=count($args); $i<$n; $i++ )
           
$this->add($args[$i]);
    }
   
    public function
__get( /*string*/ $name = null ) {
        return
$this->self[$name];
    }
   
    public function
add( /*string*/ $name = null, /*int*/ $enum = null ) {
        if( isset(
$enum) )
           
$this->self[$name] = $enum;
        else
           
$this->self[$name] = end($this->self) + 1;
    }
}

class
DefinedEnum extends Enum {
    public function
__construct( /*array*/ $itms ) {
        foreach(
$itms as $name => $enum )
           
$this->add($name, $enum);
    }
}

class
FlagsEnum extends Enum {
    public function
__construct( /*...*/ ) {
       
$args = func_get_args();
        for(
$i=0, $n=count($args), $f=0x1; $i<$n; $i++, $f *= 0x2 )
           
$this->add($args[$i], $f);
    }
}
?>
Example usage:
<?php
$eFruits
= new Enum("APPLE", "ORANGE", "PEACH");
echo
$eFruits->APPLE . ",";
echo
$eFruits->ORANGE . ",";
echo
$eFruits->PEACH . "\n";

$eBeers = new DefinedEnum("GUINESS" => 25, "MIRROR_POND" => 49);
echo
$eBeers->GUINESS . ",";
echo
$eBeers->MIRROR_POND . "\n";

$eFlags = new FlagsEnum("HAS_ADMIN", "HAS_SUPER", "HAS_POWER", "HAS_GUEST");
echo
$eFlags->HAS_ADMIN . ",";
echo
$eFlags->HAS_SUPER . ",";
echo
$eFlags->HAS_POWER . ",";
echo
$eFlags->HAS_GUEST . "\n";
?>
Will output:
1, 2, 3
25, 49
1,2,4,8 (or 1, 10, 100, 1000 in binary)
Jeffrey
8.10.2008 20:51
Why should anyone learn what classes and objects are? The short answer is to clarify and simplify code. Take this regular script:

<?php
$item_name
= 'Widget 22';
$item_price = 4.90;
$item_qty = 2;
$item_total = ($item_price * $item_qty);
echo
"You ordered $item_qty $item_name @ \$$item_price for a total of: \$$item_total.";
?>

You ordered 2 Widget 22 @ $4.9 for a total of: $9.8.

You can see clearly that you have to "define and set" the data, "perform a calculation", and explicitly "write" the results - for a total of 5 written statements. But the more you look at it, the more it needs fixin'. If you attempt to do that, your code can get really ugly, really fast - and remember, this is just a simple script! Here's the same program in OOP with all the fixin's:

<?php
class Item {
  protected
$name, $price, $qty, $total;

  public function
__construct($iName, $iPrice, $iQty) {
   
$this->name = $iName;
   
$this->price = $iPrice;
   
$this->qty = $iQty;
   
$this->calculate();
  }

  protected function
calculate() {
   
$this->price = number_format($this->price, 2);
   
$this->total = number_format(($this->price * $this->qty), 2);
  }

  public function
__toString() {
    return
"You ordered ($this->qty) '$this->name'" . ($this->qty == 1 ? "" : "s") .
   
" at \$$this->price, for a total of: \$$this->total.";
  }
}

echo (new
Item("Widget 22", 4.90, 2));
?>

You ordered (2) 'Widget 22's at $4.90, for a total of: $9.80.

By loading class Item (which houses all the improvements we made over the first script) into PHP first, we went from having to write 5 statements in the first script, to writing only 1 statement "echo new Item" in the second.
Jason
8.07.2008 7:34
For real quick and dirty one-liner anonymous objects, just cast an associative array:

<?php

$obj
= (object) array('foo' => 'bar', 'property' => 'value');

echo
$obj->foo; // prints 'bar'
echo $obj->property; // prints 'value'

?>

... no need to create a new class or function to accomplish it.
ranema at ubuntu dot polarhome dot com
30.03.2008 17:49
Sometimes you just forget to close handles, links, etc and sometimes you are just lazy to do that. PHP 5 OOP can do it automatically by using destructors:

<?php
class MySqlDriver {
   private
$_Link;

   public function
__construct( <...> ) {
     
$this->_Link = mysql_connect( <...> );
   }

  
// this will be called automatically at the end of scope
  
public function __destruct() {
     
mysql_close( $this->_Link );
   }
}

$_gLink = new MySqlDriver( <...> );
// and you don't need to close the link manually
?>
osculabond at gmail dot com
7.10.2006 8:20
A better way to simulate an enum in php5:

<?php
final class Days {
    const
Sunday     = 0x00000001;
    const
Monday     = 0x00000010;
    const
Tuesday    = 0x00000100;
    const
Wednesday = 0x00001000;
    const
Thursday  = 0x00010000;
    const
Friday    = 0x00100000;
    const
Saturday  = 0x01000000;
    const
Unknown    = 0x00000000;

   
// ensures that this class acts like an enum
    // and that it cannot be instantiated
   
private function __construct(){}
}
?>

This will allow you to do things like:

<?php
$day_to_email
= Days::Thursday;

if(
$day_to_email == Days::Wednesday) echo "Wednesday<br />";
if(
$day_to_email == Days::Thursday) echo "Thursday<br />";
if(
$day_to_email == Days::Friday) echo "Friday<br />";
?>

Which would output:
Thursday

Or if you wanted to get a little fancier you could also do the following:

<?php
$days_to_email
= Days::Monday | Days::Wednesday | Days::Friday;

if(
$days_to_email & Days::Monday) echo "Monday<br />";
if(
$days_to_email & Days::Tuesday) echo "Tuesday<br />";
if(
$days_to_email & Days::Wednesday) echo "Wednesday<br />";
if(
$days_to_email & Days::Thursday) echo "Thursday<br />";
if(
$days_to_email & Days::Friday) echo "Friday<br />";
?>

Which would output:
Monday
Wednesday
Friday
S�b.
27.05.2005 18:50
We can't create easily anonymous objects like in JavaScript.
JS example :

    var o = {
        aProperty : "value",
        anotherProperty : [ "element 1", "element 2" ] } ;
    alert(o.anotherProperty[1]) ; // "element 2"

So I have created a class Object :

<?php
   
class Object {
        function
__construct( ) {
           
$n = func_num_args( ) ;
            for (
$i = 0 ; $i < $n ; $i += 2 ) {
               
$this->{func_get_arg($i)} = func_get_arg($i + 1) ;
            }
        }
    }

   
$o = new Object(
       
'aProperty', 'value',
       
'anotherProperty', array('element 1', 'element 2')) ;
    echo
$o->anotherProperty[1] ; // "element 2"
?>

You must feel free to make it better :)
spam at afoyi dot com
21.03.2005 2:18
You can call a function defined in an inherited class from the parent class. This works in both PHP 4.3.6 and 5.0.0:

<?php

class p {
   
    function
p() {
        print
"Parent's constructor\n";
    }
   
    function
p_test() {
        print
"p_test()\n";
       
$this->c_test();
    }
}

class
c extends p {
   
    function
c() {
        print
"Child's constructor\n";
       
parent::p();
    }
   
    function
c_test() {
        print
"c_test()\n";
    }
}

$obj = new c;
$obj->p_test();

?>

Outputs:

Child's constructor
Parent's constructor
p_test()
c_test()
farzan at ifarzan dot com
6.10.2004 1:04
PHP 5 is very very flexible in accessing member variables and member functions. These access methods maybe look unusual and unnecessary at first glance; but they are very useful sometimes; specially when you work with SimpleXML classes and objects. I have posted a similar comment in SimpleXML function reference section, but this one is more comprehensive.

I use the following class as reference for all examples:

<?php
class Foo {
    public
$aMemberVar = 'aMemberVar Member Variable';
    public
$aFuncName = 'aMemberFunc';
   
   
    function
aMemberFunc() {
        print
'Inside `aMemberFunc()`';
    }
}

$foo = new Foo;
?>

You can access member variables in an object using another variable as name:

<?php
$element
= 'aMemberVar';
print
$foo->$element; // prints "aMemberVar Member Variable"
?>

or use functions:

<?php
function getVarName()
{ return
'aMemberVar'; }

print
$foo->{getVarName()}; // prints "aMemberVar Member Variable"
?>

Important Note: You must surround function name with { and } or PHP would think you are calling a member function of object "foo".

you can use a constant or literal as well:

<?php
define
(MY_CONSTANT, 'aMemberVar');
print
$foo->{MY_CONSTANT}; // Prints "aMemberVar Member Variable"
print $foo->{'aMemberVar'}; // Prints "aMemberVar Member Variable"
?>

You can use members of other objects as well:

<?php
print $foo->{$otherObj->var};
print
$foo->{$otherObj->func()};
?>

You can use mathods above to access member functions as well:

<?php
print $foo->{'aMemberFunc'}(); // Prints "Inside `aMemberFunc()`"
print $foo->{$foo->aFuncName}(); // Prints "Inside `aMemberFunc()`"
?>



PHP Powered Diese Seite bei php.net
The PHP manual text and comments are covered by the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License © the PHP Documentation Group - Impressum - mail("TO:Reinhard Neidl",...)