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CURL failed with PHP5.3 and Apache2.2.X on my Windows 7 machine.
It turns out that it's not enough to copy the two dll's mentioned (libeay32 and sslea32) from the php folder into your system32 folder. You HAVE TO UNBLOCK THESE TWO FILES.
Right click the file, select unblock, for each one. Then restart Apache.
Another very handy security feature added into Windows.
I needed to use cURL in a php script to download data using not only SSL for the server authentication but also for client authentication.
On a default install of Fedora, setting up the proper cURL parameters, I would get an error:
$ php curl.php
Peer certificate cannot be authenticated with known CA certificates
The data on http://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html was most useful. Indeed, toward to bottom it tells you to add a missing link inside /etc/pki/nssdb to use the ca-bundle.crt file. You do it so:
# cd /etc/pki/nssdb
# ln -s /usr/lib64/libnssckbi.so libnssckbi.so
Now you can do client authentication, provided you have your certificate handy with:
<?php
$data = "<soap:Envelope>[...]</soap:Envelope>";
$tuCurl = curl_init();
curl_setopt($tuCurl, CURLOPT_URL, "https://example.com/path/for/soap/url/");
curl_setopt($tuCurl, CURLOPT_PORT , 443);
curl_setopt($tuCurl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 0);
curl_setopt($tuCurl, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($tuCurl, CURLOPT_SSLVERSION, 3);
curl_setopt($tuCurl, CURLOPT_SSLCERT, getcwd() . "/client.pem");
curl_setopt($tuCurl, CURLOPT_SSLKEY, getcwd() . "/keyout.pem");
curl_setopt($tuCurl, CURLOPT_CAINFO, getcwd() . "/ca.pem");
curl_setopt($tuCurl, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($tuCurl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 1);
curl_setopt($tuCurl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($tuCurl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
curl_setopt($tuCurl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array("Content-Type: text/xml","SOAPAction: \"/soap/action/query\"", "Content-length: ".strlen($data)));
$tuData = curl_exec($tuCurl);
if(!curl_errno($tuCurl)){
$info = curl_getinfo($tuCurl);
echo 'Took ' . $info['total_time'] . ' seconds to send a request to ' . $info['url'];
} else {
echo 'Curl error: ' . curl_error($tuCurl);
}
curl_close($tuCurl);
echo $tuData;
?>
A solution that addresses repeat calls to the same set of urls using the same connection simulating frequent ajax calls in separate browser tabs.
In a unique situation you may need to set a cookie then use that cookie for multiple separate persistent connections using the same session cookie. The problem is the session cookie may change while your doing your persistent calls. If you set every curl handle to update a shared cookiejar on close you may overwrite the new found session value with the old session value depending on the closing order of your handles. Also, because the cookiejar is only written to on a curl_close, you may be using dissimilar or old session info in some of your 'faked browser tabs'.
To solve this problem I created a unique handle that opens and closes specifically to set a cookie file using CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR. Then I just use the read-only CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE on the multiple separate persistent handles.
This solves the problem of shared cookies fighting to write their values and keep persistent calls using the most up to date cookie information.
Note: In my case the multiple calls were in a while loop and I was using php in shell. The session cookie value plus browser type limited the number of connections available and i wanted to use the max connections per session.
When using curl with cookies, Relative path doesn't seem to work.
Use absolute path for setting the variables CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE & CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR.
To make life easier use the realpath("file.txt") function to get the absolute path.
This is something obscure I noticed... If you try to use something like:
<?php
curl_setopt($agent, CURLOPT_POST, true);
curl_setopt($agent, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $post_data);
?>
so that you POST something to a URL. Then if you screwed up your URL slightly like:
http://www.example.com
rather than
http://www.example.com/ (note the slash)
hence, causing a redirect, then your posted data won't be sent once the redirect occurs.
A simple whois/domain availability check using cURL:
<?php
function domain_check($domain) {
$data = 'http://'.$domain;
// Create a curl handle to a non-existing location
$ch = curl_init($data);
// Execute
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_exec($ch);
// Check if any error occured
if(curl_errno($ch))
{
return '<span style="color:#22c922">The domain is available!</span>';
} else {
return '<span style="color:#c92222">The domain is not available</span>';
}
// Close handle
curl_close($ch);
}
// Usage:
if(isset($_POST['domain'])) {
echo domain_check($_POST['domain'].$_POST['tld']);
}
?>
<form method="POST" action="">
http:// <input type="text" name="domain">
<select name="tld">
<option value=".com">.com</option>
<option value=".net">.net</option>
<option value=".biz">.biz</option>
</option>
<input type="submit" value="Check">
</form>
Hey I modified script for php 5. Also I add support server auth. and fixed some little bugs on the script.
[EDIT BY danbrown AT php DOT net: Original was written by (unlcuky13 AT gmail DOT com) on 19-APR-09. The following note was included:
Below is the my way of using through PHP 5 objecte oriented encapsulation to make thing easier.]
<?php
class mycurl {
protected $_useragent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1';
protected $_url;
protected $_followlocation;
protected $_timeout;
protected $_maxRedirects;
protected $_cookieFileLocation = './cookie.txt';
protected $_post;
protected $_postFields;
protected $_referer ="http://www.google.com";
protected $_session;
protected $_webpage;
protected $_includeHeader;
protected $_noBody;
protected $_status;
protected $_binaryTransfer;
public $authentication = 0;
public $auth_name = '';
public $auth_pass = '';
public function useAuth($use){
$this->authentication = 0;
if($use == true) $this->authentication = 1;
}
public function setName($name){
$this->auth_name = $name;
}
public function setPass($pass){
$this->auth_pass = $pass;
}
public function __construct($url,$followlocation = true,$timeOut = 30,$maxRedirecs = 4,$binaryTransfer = false,$includeHeader = false,$noBody = false)
{
$this->_url = $url;
$this->_followlocation = $followlocation;
$this->_timeout = $timeOut;
$this->_maxRedirects = $maxRedirecs;
$this->_noBody = $noBody;
$this->_includeHeader = $includeHeader;
$this->_binaryTransfer = $binaryTransfer;
$this->_cookieFileLocation = dirname(__FILE__).'/cookie.txt';
}
public function setReferer($referer){
$this->_referer = $referer;
}
public function setCookiFileLocation($path)
{
$this->_cookieFileLocation = $path;
}
public function setPost ($postFields)
{
$this->_post = true;
$this->_postFields = $postFields;
}
public function setUserAgent($userAgent)
{
$this->_useragent = $userAgent;
}
public function createCurl($url = 'nul')
{
if($url != 'nul'){
$this->_url = $url;
}
$s = curl_init();
curl_setopt($s,CURLOPT_URL,$this->_url);
curl_setopt($s,CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,array('Expect:'));
curl_setopt($s,CURLOPT_TIMEOUT,$this->_timeout);
curl_setopt($s,CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS,$this->_maxRedirects);
curl_setopt($s,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,true);
curl_setopt($s,CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION,$this->_followlocation);
curl_setopt($s,CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR,$this->_cookieFileLocation);
curl_setopt($s,CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE,$this->_cookieFileLocation);
if($this->authentication == 1){
curl_setopt($s, CURLOPT_USERPWD, $this->auth_name.':'.$this->auth_pass);
}
if($this->_post)
{
curl_setopt($s,CURLOPT_POST,true);
curl_setopt($s,CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,$this->_postFields);
}
if($this->_includeHeader)
{
curl_setopt($s,CURLOPT_HEADER,true);
}
if($this->_noBody)
{
curl_setopt($s,CURLOPT_NOBODY,true);
}
/*
if($this->_binary)
{
curl_setopt($s,CURLOPT_BINARYTRANSFER,true);
}
*/
curl_setopt($s,CURLOPT_USERAGENT,$this->_useragent);
curl_setopt($s,CURLOPT_REFERER,$this->_referer);
$this->_webpage = curl_exec($s);
$this->_status = curl_getinfo($s,CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
curl_close($s);
}
public function getHttpStatus()
{
return $this->_status;
}
public function __tostring(){
return $this->_webpage;
}
}
?>
[EDIT BY danbrown AT php DOT net: Contains a bugfix supplied by "roetsch.beni at googlemail (dot) com" on 02-AUG-09, with the following note: "Fixes the bugfix: 417 bug at lighthttp server."]
I wanted to create a script that acted as a bridge between an external server and an internal server, wherein the internal server was not connected to the internet, but had information required by the users connecting to the external server. I hatched the idea to use curl to connect from the external server to the internal server (using request variables to send queries) and return everything (data and headers) returned by the file server.
After being driven mad by segmentation faults and crashes because the curl_exec didn't like me having the CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION's function directly dumping the header:
<?php
function Duplicate_Header($curl, $header)
{
header($header);
return strlen($header);
}
?>
... I tried (on a whim) duplicating and trimming the header and passing the duplicate to the header function...
<?php
function Duplicate_Header($curl, $header)
{
$duplicate = trim($header);
header($duplicate);
return strlen($header);
}
?>
Which worked just fine. I don't know if this is just some quirk of PHP4 or my lack of understanding of how the curl and header function works.
Here is a reusable curl object - please help me improve it. There is no erro handling (I don't need it) which can be implemented
<?php
class cURL {
# defaul global options
var $opts = array(
CURLOPT_HEADER => FALSE,
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => TRUE
);
function cURL(){
}
function r($ch,$opt){
# assign global options array
$opts = $this->opts;
# assign user's options
foreach($opt as $k=>$v){$opts[$k] = $v;}
curl_setopt_array($ch,$opts);
curl_exec($ch);
$r['code'] = curl_getinfo($ch,CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
$r['cr'] = curl_exec($ch);
$r['ce'] = curl_errno($ch);
curl_close($ch);
return $r;
}
function get($url='',$opt=array()){
# create cURL resource
$ch = curl_init($url);
return $this->r($ch,$opt);
}
function post($url='',$data=array(),$opt=array()){
# set POST options
$opts[CURLOPT_POST] = TRUE;
$opts[CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS] = $data;
# create cURL resource
$ch = curl_init($url);
return $this->r($ch,$opt);
}
};
$cURL = new cURL();
#
# END of CLASS
#
/*
* test.php files for testing purposes - must be in the same folder undelss you specify $url path
*
<?php
echo " WORKING!!<p>";
if($_GET > 0){
print_r($_GET);
}
elseif($_POST > 0){
print_r($_POST);
}
?>
*/
/*
# EXAMPLE OF USE
$path = "http://"; # path to test.php file
$file = "test.php"; # safe the above code in text.php file
$url = $path . $file;
$post_data = array("FLD1"=>"VAL1","FLD2"=>"VAL2");
# user's curl options that override global if necessary
$o = array(CURLOPT_HEADER => TRUE,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => TRUE,CURLOPT_FAILONERROR=>TRUE);
function ccc($arr){
echo "CODE: " . $arr['code'] . "<p>";
echo "CE: " . $arr['ce'] . "<p>";
echo "CR: <br />" . $arr['cr'] . "<p>";
}
#POST TEST
$cPost = $cURL->post($url,$post_data,$o); // you can remove options
echo "<h2>cPost</h2>";
ccc($cPost);
#GET TEST
$cGet = $cURL->post($url,$post_data,$o); // you can remove options
echo "<h2>cGet</h2>";
ccc($cGet);
*/
?>
You can use this class for fast entry
<?php
class cURL {
var $headers;
var $user_agent;
var $compression;
var $cookie_file;
var $proxy;
function cURL($cookies=TRUE,$cookie='cookies.txt',$compression='gzip',$proxy='') {
$this->headers[] = 'Accept: image/gif, image/x-bitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg';
$this->headers[] = 'Connection: Keep-Alive';
$this->headers[] = 'Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8';
$this->user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; Media Center PC 4.0)';
$this->compression=$compression;
$this->proxy=$proxy;
$this->cookies=$cookies;
if ($this->cookies == TRUE) $this->cookie($cookie);
}
function cookie($cookie_file) {
if (file_exists($cookie_file)) {
$this->cookie_file=$cookie_file;
} else {
fopen($cookie_file,'w') or $this->error('The cookie file could not be opened. Make sure this directory has the correct permissions');
$this->cookie_file=$cookie_file;
fclose($this->cookie_file);
}
}
function get($url) {
$process = curl_init($url);
curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $this->headers);
curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, $this->user_agent);
if ($this->cookies == TRUE) curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $this->cookie_file);
if ($this->cookies == TRUE) curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $this->cookie_file);
curl_setopt($process,CURLOPT_ENCODING , $this->compression);
curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 30);
if ($this->proxy) curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_PROXY, $this->proxy);
curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
$return = curl_exec($process);
curl_close($process);
return $return;
}
function post($url,$data) {
$process = curl_init($url);
curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $this->headers);
curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1);
curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, $this->user_agent);
if ($this->cookies == TRUE) curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $this->cookie_file);
if ($this->cookies == TRUE) curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $this->cookie_file);
curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_ENCODING , $this->compression);
curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 30);
if ($this->proxy) curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_PROXY, $this->proxy);
curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
curl_setopt($process, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
$return = curl_exec($process);
curl_close($process);
return $return;
}
function error($error) {
echo "<center><div style='width:500px;border: 3px solid #FFEEFF; padding: 3px; background-color: #FFDDFF;font-family: verdana; font-size: 10px'><b>cURL Error</b><br>$error</div></center>";
die;
}
}
$cc = new cURL();
$cc->get('http://www.example.com');
$cc->post('http://www.example.com','foo=bar');
?>
[EDIT BY danbrown AT php DOT net: Includes a bugfix provided by "Anonymous" on 01-Dec-2008 @ 06:52. Also replaced real URL with example.com as per RFC 2606.]
[EDIT BY danbrown AT php DOT net: Includes a bugfix provided by (manuel AT rankone DOT ch) on 24-NOV-09 to properly reference cURL initialization.]
In order to use curl with secure sites you will need a ca-bundle.crt file; here's a PHP script I've written which creates a fresh ca-bundle:
http://www.gknw.net/php/phpscripts/mk-ca-bundle.php
I've also written scripts in other languages, f.e. the Perl one which ships now with curl distributions:
http://curl.haxx.se/lxr/source/lib/mk-ca-bundle.pl
and also a Win32 WSH script if you prefer that:
http://www.gknw.net/vb/scripts/mk-ca-bundle.vbs
HTH, Guenter.
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