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PHP bietet jedem ausgeführtem Skript eine Vielzahl von vordefinierten Variablen an. Viele dieser Variablen können jedoch nicht vollständig erläutert werden, da sie abhängig sind vom Web-Server, der Version und dem Setup des Web- Servers sowie weiteren Faktoren. Einige dieser Variablen stehen nicht zur Verfügung, wenn PHP-Skripte per Kommando-Zeilen-Aufruf ausgeführt werden. Für eine Liste dieser Variablen lesen Sie bitte den Abschnitt Vordefinierte Variablen.
Ab PHP 4.2.0 ist der standardmäßige Wert für die PHP-Anweisung register_globals off. Dies ist eine wesentliche Änderung in PHP. Die Anweisung register_globals off beeinflusst den Satz von vordefinierten Variablen, die im globalen Bereich verfügbar sind. Um zum Beispiel DOCUMENT_ROOT zu bekommen, müssen Sie $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] statt $DOCUMENT_ROOT verwenden oder um $id von der URL http://www.example.com/test.php?id=3 zu bekommen $_GET['id'] statt $id oder $_ENV['HOME'] statt $HOME.
Für diese Änderung betreffende Informationen lesen Sie bitte den Konfigurations-Eintrag für register_globals, das Sicherheitskapitel über die Verwendung von Register Globals und außerdem die PHP » 4.1.0 und » 4.2.0 Release Announcements.
Die reservierten vordefinierten Variablen, wie die Superglobalen Arrays, sollten bevorzugt verwendet werden.
Ab Version 4.1.0 stehen in PHP eine zusätzliche Reihe vordefinierter Arrays zur Verfügung, die Variablen vom Webserver (gegebenenfalls), von der Umgebung und von Benutzereingaben enthalten. Diese neuen Arrays sind insofern etwas sehr Spezielles, als sie automatisch global sind -- d.h., sie stehen automatisch in jedem Bereich zur Verfügung. Deshalb sind sie auch bekannt als 'Superglobale'. (Es gibt in PHP keinen Mechanismus für benutzerdefinierte Superglobale.) Die Superglobale werden nachfolgend aufgelistet, aber für eine Liste ihres Inhalts und die weitere Diskussion vordefinierter Variablen und ihres Wesens lesen Sie bitte den Abschnitt Reservierte vordefinierte Variablen. Außerdem werden Sie feststellen, dass die alten vordefinierten Variablen ($HTTP_*_VARS) noch existieren. Seit PHP 5.0.0 können Sie die Registrierung der langen von PHP vordefinierten Arrays mit der Konfigurationsoption register_long_arrays abschalten.
Hinweis: Variable Variablen
Superglobale können innerhalb von Funktionen und Methoden nicht als Variable Variablen verwendet werden.
Hinweis:
Obwohl Superglobale und die HTTP_*_VARS zur gleichen Zeit existieren können sind sie nicht identisch. Änderungen dieser Variablen haben keinen Einfluss auf die jeweils anderen.
Falls bestimmte Variablen nicht unter variables_order angegeben sind, dann bleiben auch ihre entsprechenden vordefinierten Arrays leer.
Here is a function to get all your variables of interest.
It uses the "parse_str function" and lets you enter your variable names as a space-delimited list. It's a quick way to get your variables. Note that in this function I strip tags, and trim the result. The function produces a "Query String" which is fed into the "parse_str_function."
Example:
<?php
parse_str(PostGetStr('NAME PASSWORD SUBMIT','POST'));
?>
This will produce three variables, $NAME, $PASSWORD, and $SUBMIT. If they were undefined, they will be null strings, ie, $NAME=''.
<?php
function PostGetStr($str,$type){
$VARS = explode(' ',$str);
$RESULT = '';
if($type == 'POST'){
foreach($VARS as $PV) if(isset($_POST[$PV])) {
$RESULT .= "$PV=".trim(strip_tags($_POST[$PV])).'&';
} else {$RESULT .= "$PV=&";}
} elseif($type == 'GET'){
foreach($VARS as $PV) if(isset($_GET[$PV])) {
$RESULT .= "$PV=".trim(strip_tags($_GET[$PV])).'&';
} else {$RESULT .= "$PV=&";}
} elseif($type == 'BOTH'){
foreach($VARS as $PV) if(isset($_REQUEST[$PV])) {
$RESULT .= "$PV=".trim(strip_tags($_REQUEST[$PV])).'&';
} else {$RESULT .= "$PV=&";}
}
$RESULT = substr($RESULT,0,-1);
return $RESULT;
}
?>
To tokie at hanmail dot net: You took that out of context -- it is merely a recommendation.
If your variables_order setting does not contain "E", $_ENV is still useful. Every call to getenv will be "cached" in $_ENV, so you can do this:
<?php
// variables_order = GPCS
var_dump(isset($_ENV['PATH'])); // bool(false)
getenv('PATH');
var_dump(isset($_ENV['PATH'])); // bool(true)
?>
For some reason, it does not work with with own environment variables. The above example with PHP_TEST instead of PATH would fail (if it is set via putenv).
theonly_DD32, I refined your function a little bit
<?php
function long_to_GET($PATH_INFO=''){
/**
* This function converts info.php/a/1/b/2/c?d=4 TO
* array ( [d] => 4 [a] => 1 [b] => 2 [c] => array ( [d] => 4 ) )
* got this function from http://php.net/GLOBALS
**/
if($PATH_INFO=='' && isset($_SERVER['PATH_INFO']) && $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'] != ''){
$PATH_INFO = $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'];
}
if($PATH_INFO != ''){
//Split it out.
$tmp = explode('/',$PATH_INFO);
//Remove first empty item
unset($tmp[0]);
//Loop through and apend it into the $_GET superglobal.
for($i=1;$i<=count($tmp);$i+=2){
if(strpos($tmp[$i],'?')!==false){
$tmp1 = explode('?',$tmp[$i]);
parse_str(isset($tmp1[1])?$tmp1[1]:'',$_GET[$tmp1[0]]);
$i--;
} else {
$_GET[$tmp[$i]] = isset($tmp[$i+1])?$tmp[$i+1]:'';
}
}
}
}
?>
I found something you should know in the settings file (php.ini) :
; The environment variables are not hashed into the $_ENV. To access
; environment variables, you can use getenv() instead.
so... don't be surprised if you print_r($_ENV) and you get NOTHING!!
Dealing with "superglobals" and functions is not as straightforward as it may seem when you're doing plenty manipulations.
For example:
<?php
function some_other_method() {
echo $_REQUEST['id'];
}
function some_method() {
$_REQUEST['id'] = 440;
some_other_method();
}
?>
Calling some_method() will cause a warning-level error by PHP informing you that "id" is not set in some_other_method(). However, if you instead use:
<?php
$_REQUEST['id'] = 0;
function some_other_method() {
echo $_REQUEST['id'];
}
function some_method() {
$_REQUEST['id'] = 440;
some_other_method();
}
?>
Then the script will echo 440.
In consequence, if you manually attempt to add keys to the superglobals, those keys *aren't* automatically superglobal. The above example isn't very sensible, of course, but this can be a huge gotcha if you're juggling user data between functions and you're unwittingly being forced to work inside a function (e.g. via PHP include in TYPO3).
Unfortunately, global $_REQUEST['id'] won't save you, either - it causes a parse error - nor will a global $_REQUEST change anything after you've set the keys... consequently making it hard to conviniently 'hack' outdated scripts by making them believe they're still running in a different environment.
The only "solution" to this issue is to use parameters.
On the subject of permalinks and queries:
Say, you use an inexpensive subdomain of (e.g.) www.nice.net, thus www.very.nice.net, and that the domain owner has simply placed a frame at this particular location, linking to the actual address (ugly and subject-to-change) of your site.
Consequently, the actual site URI and various associated hashes and query strings are not immediately visible to the user. Sometimes this is useful, but it also makes bookmarking/permalinking impossible (the browser will only bookmark the static address in the top frame).
However, as far as the query strings go, there is workaround. Instead of providing users with permalinks to the actual URI (e.g. prtcl://weird.and.ugly/~very/ugly.php?stuff=here; may even be subject to change), I provide them with this: prtcl://www.very.nice.net?stuff=here.
In brief, I then use the following code to re-populate the $_GET array:
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'])) { // If set, this page is running in a frame
$uri = parse_url($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']); // grab URI of parent frame
$querystring = ($uri['query']) ? $uri['query'] : false; // grab the querystring
if ($querystring) {
$vars = explode('&', $querystring); // cut into individual statements
foreach ($vars as $varstring) { // populate $_GET
$var = explode('=', $varstring);
if (count($var) == 2) $_GET[$var[0]] = $var[1];
}
} // no, nothing to report from the parent frame
} // no, not using a parent frame today...
If the actual host address is ever changed, users entering the frame (with the nicer address) will be using the new (and ugly) URI, but this way the old query strings will be available to the new address also. The users will never again be bothered by you moving to another neighborhood.
I think it is very important to note that PHP will automatically replace dots ('.') AND spaces (' ') with underscores ('_') in any incoming POST or GET (or REQUEST) variables.
This page notes the dot replacement, but not the space replacement:
http://us2.php.net/manual/en/language.variables.external.php
The reason is that '.' and ' ' are not valid characters to use in a variable name. This is confusing to many people, because most people use the format $_POST['name'] to access these values. In this case, the name is not used as a variable name but as an array index, in which those characters are valid.
However, if the register_globals directive is set, these names must be used as variable names. As of now, PHP converts the names for these variables before inserting them into the external variable arrays, unfortunately - rather than leaving them as they are for the arrays and changing the names only for the variables set by register_globals.
And you should know
$_POST is not a reference of $HTTP_POST_VARS
So, if you change $_POST, there are no change to $HTTP_POST_VARS.
It is true. I usually write variables in this way: $chuckNorrisFilms. So one almost never finds problems.
I haven't found it anywhere else in the manual, so I'll make a note of it here - PHP will automatically replace any dots ('.') in an incoming variable name with underscores ('_'). So if you have dots in your incoming variables, e.g.:
example.com/page.php?chuck.norris=nevercries
you can not reference them by the name used in the URI:
//INCORRECT
echo $_GET['chuck.norris'];
instead you must use:
//CORRECT
echo $_GET['chuck_norris'];
here is a one line snippet to do the same as DD32's func
@preg_replace(
"/(?i)([a-z0-9_]+)\/([a-z0-9_]+)\/?/e",
'$_GET[\'$1\'] = "$2";',
((isset($_SERVER['PATH_INFO'])) ? $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'] : '')
);
may be faster, it may not ;o
I have this function in my main files, it allows for easier SEO for some pages without having to rely on .htaccess and mod_rewrite for some things.
<?php
function long_to_GET(){
/**
* This function converts info.php/a/1/b/2/c?d=4 TO
* Array ( [d] => 4 [a] => 1 [b] => 2 [c] => )
**/
if(isset($_SERVER['PATH_INFO']) && $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'] != ''){
//Split it out.
$tmp = explode('/',$_SERVER['PATH_INFO']);
//Remove first empty item
unset($tmp[0]);
//Loop through and apend it into the $_GET superglobal.
for($i=1;$i<=count($tmp);$i+=2){ $_GET[$tmp[$i]] = $tmp[$i+1];}
}
}
?>
Its probably not the most efficient, but it does the job rather nicely.
DD32
there is a difference to the scope of eg. java: variables that are defined inside a block are also defined outside of the brackets.
eg. this works:
if {true}
{
$a = 'it works';
}
echo $a;
I find this sort of thing consistently useful for dealing with superglobals in safety and comfort.
<?php
foreach ($_POST as $key => $value)
{
switch ($key)
{
case "submitted_var_1":
case "submitted_var_2":
case "submitted_var_3":
$$key = $value; break;
case "dangerous_var":
$value = do_something_special_with($value);
$$key = $value;
break;
}
}
?>
There seems to a maximum size of key that you can use for the $_SESSION array on php5. If you exceed this length, which seems to be around 72 characters, the value is stored in the array, but is not serialised and restored later in the session (ie. when a subsquent page is processed). The same restriction *might* apply to other system-defined arrays.
# this is a follow-up to kasey at cornerspeed's 14-Jun-2004 08:33 post and debabratak at softhome's 14-Mar-2003 12:59 post, minus sessions but including a safety mechanism to block unwanted variables...
# if you are like me and do not want to have to type $_POST[some_var] to get to all your passed variable data, you can safely convert all the data to the variable names (so it is like old style php) by using a pre-defined allowed arg names list like this;
$allowed_args = ',f_name,l_name,subject,msg,';
foreach(array_keys($_POST) as $k) {
$temp = ",$k,";
if(strpos($allowed_args,$temp) !== false) { $$k = $_POST[$k]; }
}
# then you can use the programmer friendly (less typing) vars like so;
echo "Hello $f_name";
# make sure you have commas in front of and after each var name in the $allowed_args list, so strpos will never surprise you by mistakingly finding an unwanted var name within another var name
To urbanheroes:
version_compare() is only in PHP version 4.1.0 and up. This completely negates your function, since if the version is less than 4.1.0 it will generate an error anyway. The better solution is to do what is stated in the post above yours:
<?php
if (!isset($_SERVER))
{
$_GET = &$HTTP_GET_VARS;
$_POST = &$HTTP_POST_VARS;
$_ENV = &$HTTP_ENV_VARS;
$_SERVER = &$HTTP_SERVER_VARS;
$_COOKIE = &$HTTP_COOKIE_VARS;
$_REQUEST = array_merge($_GET, $_POST, $_COOKIE);
}
?>
Include that before everything else in your script and it will fix the flaw.
vars in $_REQUEST are *not* a reference to the respective $_POST and $_GET and $_COOKIE ones.
Consider:
http://site.com/index.php?avar=abc
index.php:
<?php
$_GET['avar'] = 'b';
print_r($_GET); print('<br>');
print_r($_REQUEST);
?>
output:
Array ( [avar] => 'b' )
Array ( [avar] => 'abc' )
There is one way to safely execute PHP code files without running the risk of compromising your own code. A prior note pointed out that the code being evaluated would still have access to globals using the global keyword. While this is a valid point, there's one other approach to be looked at - one which actually gives you much more ability than just unsetting some variable references. It's known as code parsing.
The specifics would be different and much more complex in a deployed site, but here's an extremely strip-down example of how to restrict access to global variables:
<?php
while ($x = stristr ($code_to_eval, "global")) {
$temp = substr ($code_to_eval, 1, $x-1);
$temp .= substr ($code_to_eval, stristr ($code_to_eval, ";", $x) + 1);
$code_to_eval = $temp;
}
$ret_val = eval ($code_to_eval);
?>
Of course, that's just a rudimentary example, and a deployment version would have much more checking involved, but parsing the file before you eval it lets you remove any code you don't want to let run, thus making it as safe as your parsing rules.
From PHP 5.0.3 long predefined arrays such HTTP_GET_VARS got disabled by default. For backward compatibility you can enable them in php.ini:
register_long_arrays = On
I sugget a big WARNING up there like that one with the resister_globals.
Anyway.. I cannot understand why they do such tings all the time.
php.net uses this
// Backward compatible array creation. After this point, the
// PHP 4.1.0+ arrays can be used to access variables coming
// from outside PHP. But it should be noted that these variables
// are not necessarily superglobals, so they need to be global-ed!
if (!isset($_SERVER))
{
$_GET = &$HTTP_GET_VARS;
$_POST = &$HTTP_POST_VARS;
$_ENV = &$HTTP_ENV_VARS;
$_SERVER = &$HTTP_SERVER_VARS;
$_COOKIE = &$HTTP_COOKIE_VARS;
$_REQUEST = array_merge($_GET, $_POST, $_COOKIE);
}
$PHP_SELF = $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];
I have a few points to note to (debabratak at softhome dot net). Firstly, extracting all your variables from the global variable arrays is rather cumbersome and possibly unsafe. This causes longer run times, and wastes more memory. Then, your script is starting the session before it parses the superglobals. Bad things can happen because of this:
<?php
// user sent a GET header with key = secret_access, val = true, so
echo $_GET["secret_access"]; // output: true
echo $secret_access; // output:
session_start();
// in previous logic, you set session variable $secret_access = false
echo $_SESSION["secret_access"]; // output: false
echo $secret_access; // output: false
extract_globals(); // Globals put into "normal" variables
echo $_GET["secret_access"]; // output: true
echo $_SESSION["secret_access"]; // output: false
echo $secret_access; // output: true
// VARIABLES ARE COMPROMISED!
// DO NOT USE $secret_access !
// USE $_SESSION["secret_access"] instead !!!
?>
Secondly, I would like to point out the fact that all $_POST, $_GET, and $_COOKIE variables are intrinsically unsafe anyway. Users can create their own scripts in the language of their choosing (PHP, ASP, JSP, etc.) that generate those headers to send to your PHP program via socket connections. PHP cannot determine that these headers are any less valid than the ones sent by a web browser, so it parses them and places them in the $_POST, $_GET, or $_COOKIE variables.
The best practice is to use $_SESSION variables to validate the user before making any decisions based on form data. e.g.:
<?php
session_start();
if (isset($_SESSION["valid"]))
{
// all your program decisions and database interactions can go here
if (isset($_POST["button_name"]))
{
...
}
...
}
elseif (isset($_POST["submit_login"]))
{
if (($_POST["username"] == "foo") AND ($_POST["password"] == "bar"))
{
$_SESSION["valid"] = true;
...
}
else
{
session_unset();
session_destroy();
$error_msg = "Invalid username or password";
$result_page = "login.php";
}
}
elseif (isset($logoff))
{
session_unset();
session_destroy();
$success_msg = "You have logged off successfully";
$result_page = "login.php";
}
else
{
session_unset();
session_destroy();
$result_page = "login.php";
}
require ($result_page);
?>
Session variables are orders of magnitude harder to compromise than POST, GET, and COOKIE data, since the server keeps track of session id's, and the session id is unique to each client and somewhat randomly generated. If security is an ultimate concern, then you need to use SSL in case your traffic can be sniffed (since the session cookie is passed plain text to the client).
In summary, extracting out all the superglobals to normal variable names is not a good idea for reasons of security and ambiguity, not to mention wasted CPU cycles. For private applications (ones that you don't want just anyone to be able to access), the only ways you can prevent malicious access is to 1) use sessions to ensure that the user is valid (for that page), and 2) use SSL-encryption to prevent session-hijacking.
Kasey
in reply to:
--------------------------------------------------------------
debabratak at softhome dot net
14-Mar-2003 12:59
After having register_globals = off, I am using the following piece of code to get all the variables created for me. I have put this code in a separate file and just make it require_once() on top of every page.
session_start();
$ArrayList = array("_GET", "_POST", "_SESSION", "_COOKIE", "_SERVER");
foreach($ArrayList as $gblArray)
{
$keys = array_keys($$gblArray);
foreach($keys as $key)
{
$$key = trim(${$gblArray}[$key]);
}
}
This pulls out all the possible variables for me, including the predefined variables, so I can keep coding the old style. Note that, this code does not handle the $_FILE.
Hope this helps someone.
to marcbender at mail dot com
unset the globals
use a preg_replace ( pattern: |\;[^\;]*$i[^\;]*\;|Uis, replacement: ";", where $i is the name of any function/variable you wish to prevent access to.) on the code-to-be-evaled. ideas are "global", "fopen", "mysql_connect", etc. You know, anything that you wouldn't want to give a hyperactive 13 year old access to.
execute the code.
This code needs slightly changed...
function remap_globals() {
global $GET_VARS, $POST_VARS, $COOKIE_VARS, $SESSION_VARS, $SERVER_VARS, $ENV_VARS;
$parser_version = phpversion();
if ($parser_version <= "4.1.0") {
$GET = &$GET_VARS;
$POST = &$POST_VARS;
$COOKIES = &$COOKIE_VARS;
$SESSION = &$HTTP_SESSION_VARS;
$SERVER = &$HTTP_SERVER_VARS;
$ENV = &$HTTP_ENV_VARS;
}
if ($parser_version >= "4.1.0") {
$GET = &$_GET;
$POST = &$_POST;
$COOKIES = &$_COOKIE;
$SESSION = &$_SESSION;
$SERVER = &$_SERVER;
$ENV = &$_ENV;
}
}
Note the ampersands. They ensure that the variables act _exactly_ like the superglobal components, ie: changing $SESSION will update $_SESSION and thus update the local session files.
So yeah. I don't know what the PHP name for that is, but in C it's called dereferencing, and I've seen it done in function definitions in myriad people's code, but not once in a standard variable situation. Oh well. Can't be creative all the time ^_^
-Security issue-
In response to lopez at yellowspace,
You provided a method for executing potentially unsafe code:
> function safeEval($evalcode) {
> unset($GLOBALS);
> unset($_ENV);
> // unset any other superglobal...
> return eval($evalcode);
> }
Your method, though clever, won't work. The problem is the way that PHP handles function scope. If $evalcode contains a function declaration, and runs that function, the "unset"s will be effectively useless inside the body of that function.
Try running the above code with $evalcode set as follows:
<?php
$evalcode='f();
function f() {
$GLOBALS["_SERVER"] = "compromised";
}';
?>
Then print $_SERVER and see what you get.
Another problem is that the "global" directive will always grant access to global variables. Try this one:
<?php
$evalcode='global $a;
$a = "compromised";';
?>
$a will of course be changed at the global level. I don't know if it's supposed to work this way, but on my system (PHP 4.3.4) you can do the same to any superglobal by importing it using "global".
As far as I can tell, there is NO way to execute potentially unsafe code without a lot of risk. With the sloppy way that PHP deals with function scope etc., there isn't much hope that it ever will be. What we'd need is (at least):
- a way to disable the "global" directive (restrictive eval).
- a way to shut off any write-access to superglobals within untrusted functions.
The first wouldn't be too hard to implement. The second, on the other hand, is practically impossible IMHO.
I had always mistakenly assumed that superglobal $_COOKIE (while preferred) was identical to the outdated $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS. However, if you assign:
$_COOKIE['destroyWorld'] = "true";
if (isset($HTTP_COOKIE_VARS['destroyWorld'])) {
$temp =& new Armeggedon();
$temp->pushRedButton();
}
then the world will be safe forever. Might throw off a newbie, or someone like me who was updating really old code bit-by-bit.
The redirected pages by response codes 301, 302, 303 change the request method always to GET, that's why $HTTP_POST_VARS are lost. It is described in Apache documentation.
If anyone of you have a problem with uploading files with globals off here is the solution... just add this to the top of the code:
reset ($_FILES);
while (list ($key, $val) = each ($_FILES)) {
${$key}=$_FILES[$key]['tmp_name'];
while (list ($key1, $val1) = each ($val)) {
${$key."_".$key1}=$_FILES[$key][$key1];
}
}
Daniel
For those of us who don't have the luxery of upgrading to the latest version of PHP on all of the servers we use but want to use the same variable names that are used in the latest version for super global arrays here's a snippet of code that will help:
// Makes available those super global arrays that are made available
// in versions of PHP after v4.1.0.
if (isset ($HTTP_SERVER_VARS))
{
$_SERVER = &$HTTP_SERVER_VARS;
}
if (isset ($HTTP_GET_VARS))
{
$_GET = &$HTTP_GET_VARS;
}
if (isset ($HTTP_POST_VARS))
{
$_POST = &$HTTP_POST_VARS;
}
if (isset ($HTTP_COOKIE_VARS))
{
$_COOKIE = &$HTTP_COOKIE_VARS;
}
if (isset ($HTTP_POST_FILES))
{
$_FILES = &$HTTP_POST_FILES;
}
if (isset ($HTTP_ENV_VARS))
{
$_ENV = &$HTTP_ENV_VARS;
}
if (isset ($HTTP_SESSION_VARS))
{
$_SESSION = &$HTTP_SESSION_VARS;
}
The only downfall to this is that there's no way to make them super global. Chances are, though, if you're using a lot of global arrays in your code you should consider a code redesign! :) Hope this helps.
In reply to destes at ix dot netcom dot com dot nospam:
It's possible for a HTTP client to spoof HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR, and set it to a fake IP number. It's more secure to use this code and log BOTH the ip and the proxy ip.
if ($_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"]) {
if ($_SERVER["HTTP_CLIENT_IP"]) {
$proxy = $_SERVER["HTTP_CLIENT_IP"];
} else {
$proxy = $_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"];
}
$ip = $_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"];
} else {
if ($_SERVER["HTTP_CLIENT_IP"]) {
$ip = $_SERVER["HTTP_CLIENT_IP"];
} else {
$ip = $_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"];
}
}
echo "Your IP $ip<BR>\n";
if (isset($proxy)) {
echo "Your proxy IP is $proxy<BR>\n";
}
It seems that when you wish to export a varible, you can do it as return $varible, return an array(), or globalise it. If you return something, information for that varible can only travel one way when the script is running, and that is out of the function.
function fn() {
$varible = "something";
return $variable;
}
echo fn();
OR
$newvariable = fn();
Although if global was used, it creates a pointer to a varible, whether it existed or not, and makes whatever is created in the function linked to that global pointer. So if the pointer was global $varible, and then you set a value to $varible, it would then be accessible in the global scope. But then what if you later on in the script redefine that global to equal something else. This means that whatever is put into the global array, the information that is set in the pointer, can be set at any point (overiden). Here is an example that might make this a little clearer:
function fn1() {
global $varible; // Pointer to the global array
$varible = "something";
}
fn1();
echo $varible; // Prints something
$varible = "12345";
echo $varible; // Prints 12345
function fn2() {
global $varible; // Pointer to the global array
echo $varible;
}
fn2(); // echos $varible which contains "12345"
Basically when accessing the global array, you can set it refer to something already defined or set it to something, (a pointer) such as varible you plan to create in the function, and later possibly over ride the pointer with something else.
Warning:
If you use dynamic variables in a local scope, the variable doesn't "know" when it should be a superglobal. An example will help elucidate this:
function Example($Variable_Name='_POST') {
print_r($$Variable_Name);
} // End Example
This would print out
NULL
To use a dynamic variable to reference a superglobal, you have to declare the value (not the name) as a global:
function WorkingExample($Variable_Name='_POST') {
global $$Variable_Name;
print_r($$Variable_Name);
} // End WorkingExample()
This would print out the contents of your $_POST variable.
This threw me when I first tried it, but it makes sense, in a way.
If you require access to Predefined Variables in different PHP/ servers versions and don't wish to mess about with how you access them, this little snippet of code might help you:
function fn_http_vars_access() {
global $GET_VARS, $POST_VARS, $COOKIE_VARS, $SESSION_VARS, $SERVER_VARS, $ENV_VARS;
$parser_version = phpversion();
if ($parser_version <= "4.1.0") {
$GET_VARS = $GET_VARS;
$POST_VARS = $POST_VARS;
$COOKIE_VARS = $COOKIE_VARS;
$SESSION_VARS = $HTTP_SESSION_VARS;
$SERVER_VARS = $HTTP_SERVER_VARS;
$ENV_VARS = $HTTP_ENV_VARS;
}
if ($parser_version >= "4.1.0") {
$GET_VARS = $_GET;
$POST_VARS = $_POST;
$COOKIE_VARS = $_COOKIE;
$SESSION_VARS = $_SESSION;
$SERVER_VARS = $_SERVER;
$ENV_VARS = $_ENV;
}
}
fn_http_vars_access();
i just noticed that the free web server i'm running my scripts on still only knows the deprecated variable names (i.e. it uses $HTTP_POST_VARS instead of $_POST). to make scripts work both on updated servers and servers that are a bit out of date, i now use:
$variablename=(isset($_POST["variablename"])) ? $_POST["variablename"] : $HTTP_POST_VARS["variablename"];
- Security Issue and workaround -
If You use "eval()" to execute code stored in a database or elsewhere, you might find this tip useful.
Issue:
By default, all superglobals are known in every function.
Thus, if you eval database- or dynamically generated code (let's call it "potentially unsafe code"), it can use _all_ the values stored in _any_ superglobal.
Workaround:
Whenever you want to hide superglobals from use in evaluated code, wrap that eval() in an own function within which you unset() all the superglobals. The superglobals are not deleted by php in all scopes - just within that function. eg:
function safeEval($evalcode) {
unset($GLOBALS);
unset($_ENV);
// unset any other superglobal...
return eval($evalcode);
}
(This example assumes that the eval returns something with 'return')
In addition, by defining such a function outside classes, in the global scope, you'll make sure as well that the evaluated ('unsafe') code doesn't have access to the object variables ($this-> ...).
Wouldn't it be great if there was a variable called $_SERVER["PATH_USERHOME"]. Here is how to set it yourself:
$path_fs = split ("/", ltrim ($_SERVER["PATH_TRANSLATED"], "/"));
$path_fs_rev = array_reverse ($path_fs);
$path_http = split ("/", ltrim ($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"], "/"));
$path_http_rev = array_reverse ($path_http);
$num_same = 0;
while ($path_fs_rev[$num_same] == $path_http_rev[$num_same]) {
$num_same++;
}
$path_userhome = array ();
$numdirs_userhome = sizeof ($path_http) - $num_same;
echo $numdirs_userhome;
for ($i = 0; $i < $numdirs_userhome; $i++) {
array_push ($path_userhome, $path_http[$i]);
}
$_SERVER["PATH_USERHOME"] = "/" . implode ("/", $path_userhome) . "/";
print_r ($_SERVER["PATH_USERHOME"]);
;) Happy programming,
Peder
If you try this:
<FORM action="hola">
....
</FORM>
and hola is a directory, you have to write the final slash (/) because the page is redirected from hola to hola/ and you'll lost the POST variables.
The problem with empty HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR is because of anonymous proxy servers:
Anonymous - HTTP Proxy server does not send HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR variable to host, this improves privacy since your IP address cannot be logged.
High anonymity - HTTP Servers of this type don’t send HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR, HTTP_VIA and HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION variables. Host doesn’t even know you are using proxy server an of course it doesn’t know your IP address.
It should be noted that $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA only exists if the encoding type of the data is -not- the default of application/x-www.form-urlencoded, and so, to accessing raw post data from an HTTP form requires setting enctype= in your HTML.
If you're running PHP as a shell script, and you want to use the argv and argc arrays to get command-line arguments, make sure you have register_argc_argv = on. If you're using the 'optimized' php.ini, this defaults to off.
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