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Installation auf Unix-Systemen

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Apache 2.0 auf Unixsystemen

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Hinweise und Tipps, die sich auf die Installation von PHP speziell für Apache 2.0 auf Unixsystemen beziehen.

Warnung

Wir empfehlen, in einer Produktionsumgebung kein Threaded MPM mit Apache2 zu verwenden. Verwenden Sie stattdessen das Prefork MPM, welches der Standard-MPM für Apace 2.0 und 2.2 ist. Für weitere Informationen und die Gründe lesen Sie bitte den entsprechenden FAQ-Eintrag über die Verwendung von Apache2 mit Threaded MPM.

Es wird empfohlen, einen Blick auf die » Apache Dokumentation zu werfen, um ein grundlegendes Verständnis des Apache 2.0 Servers zu erhalten.

Laden Sie die aktuellste Version von » Apache 2.0 und eine passende Version von den oben angegebenen Quellen herunter. Dieser Schnelleinstieg behandelt nur die Grundlagen, um mit Apache 2.0 und PHP einzusteigen. Für mehr Informationen lesen Sie bitte die » Apache Dokumentation. Versionsnummern wurden hier ausgelassen, um sicherzustellen, dass die Anweisungen nicht inkorrekt sind. Sie müssen die Zeichenkette 'NN' mit den zu Ihren Dateien passenden Werten ersetzen.

Beispiel #1 Installationsanweisungen (Apache 2 Shared Module Version)

1.  gzip -d httpd-2_0_NN.tar.gz
2.  tar xvf httpd-2_0_NN.tar
3.  gunzip php-NN.tar.gz
4.  tar -xvf php-NN.tar
5.  cd httpd-2_0_NN
6.  ./configure --enable-so
7.  make
8.  make install

    Nun steht Ihnen Apache 2.0.NN unter /usr/local/apache2 zur Verfügung,
    konfiguriert mit Unterstützung für nachladbare Module und dem
    Standard MPM Prefork. Um diese Installation zu testen, verwenden Sie die
    übliche Prozedur, den Apacheserver zu starten, also z.B.:
    /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
    Stoppen Sie nun den Server, um mit der Konfiguration von PHP fortzusetzen:
    /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop.

9.  cd ../php-NN

10. Konfigurieren Sie nun Ihr PHP. Dies ist die Stelle, an der Sie Ihr
    PHP mit verschiedenen Optionen, wie etwa installierten Erweiterungen,
    anpassen können. Rufen Sie ./configure --help auf, um eine Liste
    der verfügbaren Optionen zu erhalten. In unserem Beispiel werden
    wir eine einfache Konfiguration mit Unterstützung für Apache 2
    und MySQL erzeugen. Ihr Pfad zu apxs könnte sich unterscheiden,
    tatsächlich könnte das Programm auf Ihrem System auch apxs2 heißen.

      ./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql

11. make
12. make install

    Wenn Sie sich entscheiden, Ihre Konfigurationsoptionen nach der
    Installation zu ändern, müssen Sie nur die letzten drei Schritte
    wiederholen. Sie müssen nur Apache neustarten, damit das neue
    Modul verwendet wird. Eine erneute Kompilierung von Apache ist
    nicht notwendig.

    Beachten Sie, dass, wenn nicht anders erwähnt, 'make install' ebenso
    PEAR und verschiedene PHP Werkzeuge wie phpize, PHP CLI und anderes
    installieren wird.

13. Ihre php.ini einrichten

    cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini

    Sie können Ihre .ini-Datei ändern, um verschiedene PHP-Optionen zu setzen.
    Wenn Sie die php.ini-Datei an einer anderen Stelle bevorzugen, verwenden
    Sie --with-config-file-path=/some/path in Schritt 10.

    Wenn Sie sich stattdessen für php.ini-recommended entscheiden, stellen Sie
    sicher, dass Sie die darin enthaltene Liste von Änderungen lesen, da diese
    das Verhalten von PHP beeinflussen.

14. Bearbeiten Sie Ihre httpd.conf, um das PHP Modul zu laden. Der Pfad
    auf der rechten Seite der LoadModule-Anweisung muss auf den Ort des
    PHP-Moduls auf Ihrem System zeigen. Das obige make install könnte dies
    bereits für Sie hinzugefügt haben, aber prüfen Sie dies.

    Für PHP 4:

      LoadModule php4_module modules/libphp4.so

    Für PHP 5:

      LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so

15. Weisen Sie Apache an, bestimmte Dateiendungen als PHP Skripte zu behandeln.
    Zum Beispiel werden wir den Apache Dateien mit der Endung .php als PHP
    ausführen lassen. Anstatt nur die Apachedirektive AddType zu verwenden,
    wollen wir zusätzlich verhindern, dass potentiell gefährliche hochgeladene
    und erzeugte Dateien wie exploit.php.jpg als PHP-Dateien ausgeführt werden.
    Wenn Sie dieses Beispiel verwenden, können Sie jede Dateiendung als PHP
    interpretieren lassen, wenn Sie sie einfach hinzufügen. Wir demonstrieren
    dies, indem wir .phtml einfügen.

      <FilesMatch \.php$>
          SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
      </FilesMatch>

    Oder wenn wir erlauben wollen, dass .php, .php2, .php3, .php4, .php5, .php6
    und .phtml und sonst nichts als PHP interpretiert werden, könnten wird
    ein Statement wie dieses verwenden:

      <FilesMatch "\.ph(p[2-6]?|tml)$">
          SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
      </FilesMatch>

    Und um .phps-Dateien als PHP-Quelldateien interpretieren zu lassen, fügen
    wir die folgende Anweisung hinzu:

      <FilesMatch "\.phps$">
          SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source
      </FilesMatch>

16. Verwenden Sie die übliche Prozedur, um den Apache Server zu starten, z.B.:

      /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start

          - ODER -

      service httpd restart

Wenn Sie den obigen Anweisungen folgen, werden Sie einen laufenden Apache2 mit Unterstützung für PHP als SAPI-Modul erhalten. Natürlich existieren für Apache und PHP viele weitere Konfigurationseinstellungen. Verwenden Sie ./configure --help im jeweiligen Quellcodeverzeichnis, um weitere Informationen zu erhalten. Falls Sie eine Multithreaded-Version von Apache2 bauen wollen, müssen Sie das Standard MPM-Modul prefork entweder durch worker oder perchild ersetzen. Fügen Sie dazu in obigem Schritt 6 an Ihre Konfigurationszeile entweder die Option --with-mpm=worker oder --with-mpm=perchild an. Denken Sie an die daraus reultierenden Konsequenzen und machen Sie sich klar, was Sie damit tun. Für mehr Informationen werfen Sie einen Blick auf die Apache Dokumantation zum Thema » MPM-Module.

Hinweis:

Falls Sie Content Negotiation verwenden wollen, lesen Sie die Apache MultiViews FAQ.

Hinweis:

Um eine Multithreaded Version von Apache zu erzeugen, muss Ihr System Threads unterstützen. Dies impliziert, dass Sie PHP mit der experimentellen Zend Thread Safety (ZTS) bauen. Deshalb könnten nicht alle Erweiterungen verfügbar sein. Die empfohlene Einstellung ist es, Apache mit dem prefork -MPM-Modul zu bauen.


15 BenutzerBeiträge:
- Beiträge aktualisieren...
nmmm at nmmm dot nu
9.08.2009 22:13
When I upgrade to apache 2.2, this:

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php5
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php42
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php4
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php3
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php .phtm
AddType application/x-httpd-php .phtml
AddType application/x-httpd-php .asp

...does not worked for me, so I did this:

<FilesMatch "\.(php*|phtm|phtml|asp|aspx)$">
SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
</FilesMatch>

Another interesting point with Apache 2.2 is following.
Let suppose we installed PHP as module. But for some directory, we need to use PHP as CGI (probably because of custom configuration). This can be done using:

<FilesMatch "\.(php*|phtm|phtml|asp|aspx)$">
SetHandler none
</FilesMatch>

AddType application/x-httpd-php-custom .php
Action  application/x-httpd-php-custom  /cgi-bin/php-huge

Note type must be different than "application/x-httpd-php" and also you need to deactivate the handler on sertain extention. You can do mixed configuration:

<FilesMatch "\.(php)$">
SetHandler none
</FilesMatch>

AddType application/x-httpd-php-custom .php
Action  application/x-httpd-php-custom  /cgi-bin/php-huge

in such case files like *.php5 and so on will be parsed via module, but *.php will go to php-huge executable.
Anonymous
17.06.2009 7:58
Solution for fedora is yum install mysql-devel. Then set --with-mysql=/usr/include/mysql/
monguesto
peep at imtarget dot identicloak dot com
24.04.2009 7:09
Configuration notes for cent5.2, April 2009.
----------------------------------------------------
Note: I'll walk you through my steps, so you can do it custom yerself. It's possible that I am an idiot and there are much easier ways to do this. But this worked for me. Also , you could just use my configure script and yum command line and probably have it work okay.

Scenario
----------
I'm setting this up for a fairly typical drupal install, with a mysql backend. I set up the dev server with the php package from the cent yum repo, and the customer ran Drupal with that for a while, but now wants a more current PHP than the cent package provides.

my approach for determining required modules
------------------------------------
1. get the list of the modules
     $ php -m | grep -v -e Modules] -e ^$ > php-default-modules
2. create the configure script
     $ for i in $(cat php-default-modules); do echo -n "--with-$i ">> phpconfigure.sh ;done
3. run the configure script, and iterate through the "Configure script errors" section below until it completes properly
4. at the end of the output, look for a notice of unknown options

     Notice: Following unknown configure options were used:
     --with-date
     --with-gum-disease

     Check './configure --help' for available options

5. as suggested, execute './configure --help' and correct the options. The "for" command above indiscriminately inserts "--with-" for all modules, but bundled modules may require "--enable-" instead, so mostly you'll be changing those. For modules that are enabled by default you'll need to remove the entry.

6. Add anything else you personally want or need. I like to add "--enable-safe-mode".

I configured with the following command line:

php-5.2.9]$ ./configure --with-mcrypt --with-mhash --with-bz2 --enable-calendar --with-curl --enable-dbase --enable-exif --enable-ftp --with-gd --with-gettext --with-gmp --with-iconv --enable-mbstring --with-mime_magic --with-mysql --with-mysqli --with-openssl --enable-pcntl --with-pdo_mysql --with-pdo_sqlite --with-pspell --enable-shmop --enable-sockets --enable-sysvmsg --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --enable-wddx --with-zlib --enable-safe-mode

as such, i needed a number of packages installed. Now I haven't tracked additional packages over base--there may be required packages that I happened to have installed for other things. But this is a pretty good list, i reckon:

php-5.2.9]$ sudo yum install mcrypt libmcrypt mhash libmhash libxml2-devel openssl-devel bzip2-devel curl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel gmp-devel mysql-devel aspell-devel zlib zlib-devel

Configure script errors
--------------------------------------------
In my experience, these errors have been due (with any software, PHP included) mostly to missing development packages, which contain the libraries and headers needed to compile support for that library's function into the application.

This becomes a process of:
-executing the ./configure script and looking at the error
-installing the devel package providing the resource referenced by the error (google using the error as search term as needed)
-repeat until the ./configure script makes it through without error

Upshot: identify the software referenced by the error, and install it.

Example
-----------
Example error:
     configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL's <evp.h>
Example explanation
     configure is looking for a header (and probably a lot of other stuff) from a missing openssl package.
Example solution:
php-5.2.9]$sudo yum install openssl-devel

Compiling (and testing and submitting)
----------------------------------------------
with ./configure working, you're ready to compile. I think it's important to test and submit the tests to the developers, you do what you want.

$ make;make test

Installing
-------------
$sudo make install

(be sure you, heh, have the system php removed before you do this step. seriously)

Best of luck!
Tom420.Duhamel
2.02.2009 2:31
I have successfully installed Apache 2.2.11 and PHP 5.2.8 under Red Hat 9.0 on a Pentium 166 with 32 MB of RAM.

While I used RH9, the worst possible case, these notes are probably good for RH-based distributions too (Red Hat Enterprise, Fedora, CentOS...)

If you want to install MySQL, it needs to be installed before PHP because PHP requires some libraries be available.

One think important when picking up a binary distribution of MySQL is to download all four packages: MySQL-server, MySQL-devel, MySQL-client and MySQL-shared. Note: The MySQL was bundled with PHP 4 but is not anymore in PHP 5.

Then you need to install Apache before PHP, because again PHP needs some libraries be available. I installed Apache 2 from source, using the very last version available, which is 2.2.11.

I installed PHP 5.2.8 from source. Here, I had a number of problems, but none which I could not resolve easily, some of them with a little help from different forums I found through Google.

Rembember: When it says you need a package named xyz and you notice there is also one named xyz-devel, grab it.

Most of the packages I got from:
http://legacy.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/9/en/os/i386/RedHat/RPMS/
A similar page exists for other versions of Red Hat
and:
http://rpmfind.net/
This site has an updated version of some of the packages. Make sure to use only the one labeled for you version (in my case, Red Hat 9.0) or it will not likely work.

You already have glibc and glibc-common installed, but you need to get glibc-devel and glibc-kernheaders. Make sure to match glibc's version (rpm -q glibc). Note: When it says kernel-header is a required dependency, that's glibc-kernheader (not kernel-source). You will also need binutils (no need to match the version), and gcc and cpp (version must match).

You need zlib-devel (zlib is probably already installed, match the version you have).

If you install the GD extension, the actual library is already bundled with PHP 5 (use that one, they have done some changes in there, so don't upgrade), but you will need to install libpng and libpng-devel (match version, or disable in configure if you don't want) and libjpeg (no -devel with that one).

You will also need libxml2. Now there were a problem, because PHP requires libxml2 be 2.6 or greater, but Red Hat only supplied 2.5.4-1 for RH9 (if you have a more recent distro, you might be more lucky). After looking for a while, I decided to grab the source code for the most recent distribution at the official website (http://xmlsoft.org/) and compiled.

Hope my post is useful to someone. Please, share your experience when compiling/installing for your particular platform and setup. Remember how hard it's been for you the very first time. I confess, my very first server installation took me nearly a week and I was glad others helped me.
nabil at world dot com
24.05.2008 4:27
I couldn't start Apache2 after installing PHP5 in archlinux, I got this error :

Cannot load /.../libphp5.so into server: /.../libphp5.so: undefined symbol: _efree

The solution was "make clean" on the PHP5 source directory, then ./configure, make & make install again.
chris@gerlt -dot- net
22.09.2006 15:33
Install issues on Redhat, specifically RHEL4 with php4 already installed: 

I discovered that there was an issue caused by redhat loading php4 in another file seperate from the httpd.conf file!  This took me hours to discover.  Make sure you know if the apache config file (httpd.conf) is loading configurations from a directory (or another file(s)) as well.  If so, look in there for any php module loading which could conflict with the new module you are compiling/installing.
susie91
28.08.2006 5:34
for slackware 10.2 users with apache2, mysql5, and trying to install php5:

when following the directions above, after this step:

./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql

i kept getting this error:
"Unable to find MySql header files...."

the only way i could get php5 with mysql support was to compile MySql5 from source, and not use the binary as the mysql site recommends.

then i was able to ./configure successfully, but for some reason php was configured to compile the CGI version.

so, had to use this ./configure line:

./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql  --disable-cgi

alternatively, you could install php4 which does bundle the MySql client files.
jaya
5.07.2006 20:41
PHP 5.1.4 INSTALLATION on Solaris 9 (Sparc)

Solaris9 Packages Installed:

Verify required package installation:
root# pkginfo SUNWbtool SUNWsprot SUNWtoo SUNWhea SUNWarc \
SUNWlibm SUNWlibms SUNWdfbh SUNWxglh SUNWcg6h

Uninstall Default Apache Packages:
root# /etc/init.d/apache stop
root# pkginfo |grep Apache
root# pkgrm SUNWaclg SUNWapchd SUNWapchr SUNWapchu

Create installation Directory:
root# mkdir /phpdata/

Download Required Packages from Sunfreeware:

Install libiconv-1.8 and gcc3.3.2 packages
root# pkgadd -d ./libiconv-1.8-sol9-sparc-local
root# pkgadd -d ./gcc-3.3.2-sol9-sparc-local

set LD_LIBRARY_PATH, CC and PATH variables
root# LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib:/usr/local/lib/sparcv9/:\
/usr/lib:/usr/openwin/lib:/opt/local/lib:/usr/local/ssl/lib:\
/usr/local/apr/lib:/opt/mysql/mysql/lib
root# CC=gcc
root# PATH=$PATH:/usr/ucb:/usr/local/bin/
root# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH CC PATH
 
Install apr-1.2.2 and aprutil-1.2.2 packages

root# gzcat apr-1.2.2.tar.gz |tar xvf -
root# cd apr-1.2.2
root# ./configure
root# make
root# make install
root# cd ..

root# gzcat aprutil-1.2.2.tar.gz |tar xvf -
root# cd apr-util-1.2.2/
root# ./configure --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/
root# make
root# make install

Install gawk-3.1.4, expat-1.95.5, db-4.2.52.NC,
gdbm-1.8.3, libgcc-3.3 and libxml2-2.6.16 packages
root# cd ..
root# pkgadd -d ./gawk-3.1.4-sol9-sparc-local
root# pkgadd -d ./expat-1.95.5-sol9-sparc-local
root# pkgadd -d ./db-4.2.52.NC-sol9-sparc-local
root# pkgadd -d ./gdbm-1.8.3-sol9-sparc-local
root# pkgadd -d ./libgcc-3.3-sol9-sparc-local
root# pkgadd -d ./libxml2-2.6.16-sol9-sparc-local

Install GNU make package
root# gzcat make-3.81.tar.gz |tar xvf -
root# cd make-3.81
root# ./configure
root# make
root# make install
root# cd ..

Install mysql-standard-5.0.22 package
Search for user mysql
root# grep mysql /etc/passwd
root# grep mysql /etc/group

If not found create user and group mysql
root# groupadd mysql
root# useradd -G mysql mysql
root# pkgadd -d ./mysql-standard-5.0.22-solaris9-sparc.pkg.gz

Install openssl-0.9.7g package
root# gzcat openssl-0.9.7g.tar.gz |tar xvf -
root# cd openssl-0.9.7g
root# ./config shared
root# make
root# make install
root# cd ..

Install Apache2 package
root# gzcat httpd-2.2.0.tar.gz |tar xvf -
root# cd httpd-2.2.0
root# ./configure --enable-so
root# /usr/local/bin/make
root# /usr/local/bin/make install
root# cd ..

Install php-5.1.4 package
root# gzcat php-5.1.4.tar.gz |tar xvf -
root# cd php-5.1.4
root# ./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs\
--with-ldap --with-mysql=/opt/mysql/mysql/
root# /usr/local/bin/make
root# /usr/local/bin/make install
root# cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini

Edit httpd.conf to load the PHP module
and to parse certain extensions as PHP
root# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml

Start Apache
root# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
 
Add environmental variables below HTTPD
root# vi /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib:/usr/local/lib/sparcv9/:
/usr/lib:/usr/openwin/lib:/opt/local/lib:/usr/local/ssl/lib:
/usr/local/apr/lib:/opt/mysql/mysql/lib
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/openwin/bin:\
/usr/ucb:/usr/local/bin/
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH

Create Apache Startup Script
felixcca at yahoo dot ca
30.03.2006 4:13
I've (painfully) discovered that installing PHP5 with "make install" under SuSe 9.2 is NOT a good idea.
http://www.aditus.nu/jpgraph/apache2suse.php
This page explains how to install it without breaking everything that's php-related in the Apache2 configuration. Its first purpose, though, is to show how to have php 4 and 5 to cohabit properly.
frank@ethisoft
28.09.2005 11:30
Using Apache2 & PHP5 work perfectly fine & safe together.
- all core modules are safe in Zend Engine 2
- third-party-libraries should be avoided
- semaphores and shared memory enables you to ensure yourself that your application/website is thread-safe also with non-thread-safe PHP modules!
happyboy at php dot org
4.08.2005 1:30
FILE TRUNCATED!!

during the make process should u receive an error declaring ext/ctype/ctype.lo (or another file) is truncated then you need to 'make clean' prior to a healthy 'make' and 'make install.'

looking into your ext/ directory you may find the offensive file to be 1 byte long.
mihai dot sandu at gtstelecom dot ro
28.02.2005 14:22
For the SuSE9.2 install of PHP5.
First:
If building on a x64 platform, please set LDFLAGS="-L/usr/lib64" before configure.
As for install, it suffices to go to /etc/apache2 and:
ln -s sysconfig.d/loadmodule.conf httpd2-prefork.conf
and then make install
neil
10.02.2005 23:21
To install mysql and mysqli with PHP5 do the following:

after doing:

./configure --with-mysql=/path/to/mysql_config --with-mysqli=/path/to/mysql_config

do this:

"
    if you want to use both the old mysql and the new mysqli interface, load the Makefile into your editor and search for the line beginning with EXTRA_LIBS; it includes -lmysqlclient twice; remove the second instance
"

then you can:

make
make install

.....
Pleasse note: you must have mysql-dev installed (RPM or source) or you will not have the mysql_config file at all.  The standard, server, and client installations of MySQL do not include it.  I read somewhere that the mysql and mysqli paths must be identical.

Quoted from Michael Kofler at the following link:
http://www.kofler.cc/forum/forumthread.php?rootID=3571
Dan Scott (dan dot scott at acm dot org)
20.01.2005 5:36
Building PHP 5.x with Apache2 on SuSE Professional 9.1/9.2

SuSE uses a rather fragmented set of Apache configuration files stored in /etc/apache2/. When you configure PHP 5.x with:

$ ./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/sbin/apxs2
$ make

everything builds just fine; but when you issue:
$ su -c "make install"

the unconventional Apache conf file layout confuses the install-sapi section of the Makefile and the process halts with the following error:

apxs:Error: Config file /etc/apache2/httpd2-prefork.conf not found.
make: *** [install-sapi] Error 1

At this point only the PHP SAPI library has been copied into place; the rest of the files (like PEAR scripts, PHP-CLI, etc) have not been installed. But never fear! You can overcome this problem with the following steps:

1. Edit Makefile and change the following line to remove "install-sapi":
install_targets = install-sapi install-cli install-pear install-build install-headers install-programs

2. Issue the make install command again:
$ su -c "make install"

3. Add the PHP module & type instructions to the Apache configuration. As root, create a new file, /etc/apache2/conf.d/php5.conf that contains the following lines:

LoadModule php5_module /usr/lib/apache2/libphp5.so
AddType application/x-httpd-php php

--- And that's it. Everything else is just as the documentation suggests it should be.
praveen dot k at masconit dot com
15.11.2004 10:38
Hi too had same problem with multiview like when i execute http://huey/admin/test.php it used to compile but when i use http://huey/admin/test it wouldnt recognise it as php file... i worked it out with the addhandler method and AddType in different line and setting multiview for directive

"multiviews Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews"

the directives u can set it to root directory so now when u type pn test it will search in precendence for test.php, test.html if any .....

its working for me with apache2.0.47 and php 4.3.9 on solaris

praveen



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